see eee
Soren peace
ees peer ee eres
es ae NTN NTN amen
A Hit f © in \ a Hf ' " wi bat hy |
oq —
Gane roy fF bys tooata
3 Scene een eer eemeneemmnemernes en a
sett az Me a Mis ee Hertel ! Cy (
a NT
ren
gg 'TN SSS
— eters —
—ereneenne ee oo eee
— ———————— —————— a
Se Sa
SSS ——
——S rere ——————————————EESSS=a_@&qxxmn ee = A
+ i en
Peet
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
VOLUME 91
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1943
ADVERTISEMENT
The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.
The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and re- visions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects.
The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.
The present volume is the ninety-first of this series.
The Bulletin, the first of which was issued in 1875, consists of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoo- logical groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogues of type specimens, special collections, and other material of similar na- ture. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes un- der the heading Contributions from the United States National Her- barium, in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.
ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
qi
536587—43
1
na jones VE, terol
, Rely
Hl ; es
CONTENTS
Pages
Basster, R. S. The Nevada Early Ordovician (Pogonip) sponge fauna. No. 3126. November 1, 19413_---_--___-- 91-102
New species: Patellispongia magnipora.
CrargE, J. F. Gates. The North American moths of the genus Arachnis, with one new species. No. 3123. Novem- REPRE P 092 god 2 oes Vee eae a 59-70
New species: Arachnis apachea.
Fraser, C. McLuan. New species of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean, in the United States National Museum. Novos. “November 14-1941 =i sse>ce~-=--ssseeesens04 77-89
New family: Symplectaneidae.
New genus: Symplectanea.
New species: Symplectanea bracteata, Hydractinia valens, Cory- morpha adventitia, Lampra wuvularis, Tubularia crassa, 2? Campanularia fasciculata, ? Obelia racemosa, Egnundella grandis, Halecium dubium, Halecium tensum, Lictorella crassitheca, Aglaophenia inconstans, A. transitionis, Plumu- laria polynema.
Gazin, C. Lewis. The mammalian faunas of the Paleocene of
central Utah, with notes on the geology. No. 3121. October 2. 105 lel een a ht, Gr IAS ap 2 IE 1-53
New genera: Draconiolestes, Oxytomodon, Desmaioclaenus.
New species: Ptilodus ferronensis, Dracontolestes aphantus, Protogonodon biatieles, Oxyclaenus pearcei, Tricentes elassus, Ozytomodon perissum, Desmatoclaenus hermaeus, D. para- creodus, Ectoconus symbolus, Carsioptychus hamaaxitus, Ani- sonchus oligistus, Haploconus ? elachistus.
GitmorE, CHartes W. Some littie-known fossil lizards from the Oligocene of Wyoming. No. 3124. November 13, Diet imeepeee 8 He or aed nou ANT oP Ain ay wie hel Doe tee 71-76
HrouiéKa, ALES. Catalog of human crania in the United States National Museum collections: Eskimo in general. Nosoldie, August 11940 2 ones 5 i net peti Ks 169-429
1 Date of publication.
VI PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
’ 4 , Pages Loveripcr, ArrHur. Report on the Smithsonian-Firestone Expedition’s collection of reptiles and amphibians from Liberia. No. 3128. November 14, 1941 4.2 2 ee 113-140 New species: Typhlops manni, Hylambates cochranae, Leptopelis bequaerti.
New name: Rana albolabris parkeriana.
Moog, Cartes C. A new fossil crocodilian from Colombia. No. 3128 ous anuany 1; 1949 Vn chev e¥l et 2. 55-58
New species: Dinosuchus neivensis.
Ruoapes, Renpevy. Notes on some crayfishes from Alabama caves, with the description of a new species and a new sub- species. No. 3129. November 6, 1941 3-----_._.-----.---- 141-148 New species: Cambarus (Cambarus) cahni. New subspecies: Cambarus (Favonius) pellucidus australis. Scumirr, Watpo L. The species of Aegla, endemic South American fresh-water crustaceans. No. 3132. August 18, ONE oc A Se Se A 431-520 New species: Aegla parana, A. sanlorenzo, A. platensis, A. uruguayana, A. prado, A. castro, A. franca, A. jujuyana, A. papudo, A. neuquensis, A. affinis, A. humahwaca, A. riolimayana. New subspecies: Aegla odebrechtii paulensis, A. laevis talcahuano. Suiru, Hopart M. Notes on the snake genus 7'rimorphodon. Wo."Sis0.” November 10; 9st 722522 ee ee 149-168 New species: Trimorphodon fasciolata, T. forbesi. New subspecies: Trimorphodon biscutatus quadruplez. The Mexican subspecies of the snake Conio- phanes fissidens. No. 8127. November 18, 19411__---_-_- 103-111
New subspecies: Coniophanes fissidens dispersus.
ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
Following
1. View of principal fossiliferous exposures of Dragon Paleocene in
Dragon Canyon, Utah__.-____+2-_--1_>- -----~-+---~~__--=~-=.. 2. General view of Wagon Road Ridge and Ferron Canyon localities___ 3. View over newly discovered Paleocene locality, Dragon Canyon_-__-
4-9, Dinosuchus neivensis, a new fossil crocodile from Colombia__------ 10-12. Species. of Arachnis.___._-~-+----=-~----------+---~+-+----+=+---- 13-18. New hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean___-------___------- 19-24. Harly Ordovician sponges__._--_--____----~---------------+~---- 2, ected Of ACGU LL 20. oe sate ee ee Se
16. ane 18. 19.
TEXT FIGURES
. Geologic map of the Dragon Canyon area, Utah_--------------------- . Lower molar portion, occlusal view, of T'aeniolabis; occlusal views of
Catopsalis utahensis, type---=.----=-=-----_----+-----___--—_--==
. Jaw fragment of Ptilodus ferronensis, new species, type------------- . Left ramus of mandible of Aphronorus simpsoii Gazin, type---------~- . Maxillary portion of pantolestid (a), genus and species undetermined_- . Left ramus of mandible of Dracontolestes aphantus, new genus and
SPECS SSE re eee eee ee eee
. Maxillary portion of mixodectid? (b), with one upper molar and part
Ca Feb CIO). EN Geer al te an eee
. Maxillary portion of Conoryciella dragonensis Gazin, type------------- . Left ramus of mandible of Protogonodon? spiekeri Gazin, type------- 10. Ade 12: 138. 14, 15.
Left ramus of mandible of Protogonodon biathcles, new species, type--- Left maxillary portion of Protogonodon? sp------------------------- Right ramus of mandible of Oryclaenus pearcei, new species, type_---- Upper molars of Tricentes elassus, new species______------__--.---__-_ Dentition of Dracoclaenus griphus Gazin_..-=._.- -_--__-=__________ Fragment of left ramus of mandible of Oxytomodon perissum, new
Penns and ‘SPeCles,, LY PCs- == =~ =n eee a ee ee eee Dentition of Hilipsodon shepherds Gazin__--_=____--=..=_-_-=-_-____. Portion of right ramus of mandible of Hllipsodon sternbergi Gazin, type- Right maxillary portion of Jepsenia mantiensis Gazin, type--—_---- = Left upper dentition and right lower dentition of Desmatoclaenus
hermaeis-new genus. and. species, type-==——--=-—==-=-=-—_=_-___-
. Dentition of Desmatoclaenus paracreodus, new species__-_------------ 2a, 22, 23.
Dentition of Hctoconus symbolus, new species____-------------------- Dentition of Carsioptychus hamazitus, new species_-------------------- Right upper dentition of Periptychus gilmorei Gazin, type----------~--
page
Some
89 102 520
Page
10 1 12
13
1h 16 18 19 20 21
25
27
30
40 41 43
Vill PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, o4
Page 24, Left ramus of mandible of Periptychus gilmorei Gazin-_-_--__________ 44 25. Left maxillary portion of Anisonchus dracus Gazin, type------_______ 46 26. Portion of left ramus of mandible of Anisonchus onostus Gazin, type____ 4% 27. Left maxillary portion and portion of left ramus of mandible of Anison- chus oligistus, new. Species; tyWe@==- == ae a ee ee 4T 28. Left maxillary portion of Haploconus inopinatus Gazin, type__-_______ 49 29. Portion of left maxilla of Haploconus? elachistus, new species, type____ 51 30 wSkull of Acipnion: jormosum Cope: a ee eee 72 381. Skull and lower jaw of Aciprion formoswm Cope--_-___---________ 73 32. Anterior part of the skull of Hxostinus serratus Cope_______._. TD 33. Distribution of the Mexican forms of Coniophanes fissidens (map)-. 109 34. Map? showing river systems Of iberiasss2= === eee eee 126-127 35. Cambarus pellucidus australis, new subspecies____--________________ 143 36. CAaMmbaris VCO, Mew (SPECIES 22 Sa aaa es ae asa ee ee eee ee 147 37. Diagram of the possible phylogeny of Trimorphodon____--.-_--____ 151 58. Distribution of the species of Trimorphodon___.__~-~_-+---—_-~..=- 153 ao) DhesregionsoL chevwestern! Hskimom (may) See eee eee 173 40 SDistributionsot-Aicgia (nap) -22 52. a= = eee ee eee ee 441 41. Diagram of Aegia carapace, illustrating some of the terms used in describing ispeciessa22 Aves Se lee oe ee Ee ee eee sos 447 42, 43. Aegla parana, new species, male holotype_-_---------_----_-_-~____ 459 44. Aegla sanlorenzo, new species, male holotype-------------------___ 462 45. Aegla platensis, new species, male holotype-—--—-----___-__-__-____ 465 46. Aegla platensis, new species, male paratype--------------------__-_ 466 47. Aegla uruguayana, new species, male holotype___---____-_-~-__----___~_ 468 48, 49. Aegla prado, new species, male holotype___—~-__-----_-----_----=- 471 50, Aegia castro; new Species; male holotypel 2 eee 4T4 51. Aegla franca, new species, male holotype——_---—-----=--=-22_L 22 477 52. Aegla jujuyana, new species, male holotype_-_--------_----__--_--__- 479 5s) Aegladenticulata Nicolet, male neotypes= 2-24 ae eee 481 54. Aegla papudo, new species, male holotype-------------------------_ 484 bo. Alegia odebnechis Miller, male neoty pease -s-s eee eee 487 56. Aegla odebrechtii paulensis, new subspecies, male holotype_-----~- 491 57. Aegla neuquensis, new species, male holotype_-—----_------_--_____- 493 58. Aegla ajfinis, new species, male holotype=—=—--_ 2-2 a a Se ee 496 59. Aegla humahuaca, new species, male holotype__------------------_~~ 499 60. Aegla concepcionensis Schmitt, male holotype_---_-_---_---------_---- 501 GE Aegia laevis (hatreille); malemmeoty pena === =— eae ae eee eee 505 62, Aegla laevis talcahuano, new subspecies, male holotype-__----------~- 509 Gay Aeglazaviao Schmitte mialesnoloty eee eee 511 64. Aegla riolimayana, new species, male holotype______------~--------- 514
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
THs XR y
TV Te
SHIRA Oa eonses?!
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 91 Washington: 1941 No. 3121
THE MAMMALIAN FAUNAS OF THE PALEOCENE OF CENTRAL UTAH, WITH NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY
By C. Lewis Gazin
Fourtuer investigation of the Paleocene deposits of central Utah by the 1939 and 1940 Smithsonian Institution expeditions has added considerably to the collections representative of the upper portion of the North Horn deposits and has resulted in the discovery of a second and distinct horizon for mammals within the Paleocene series. The investigations of these years have led also to a better understanding of the geologic relations pertaining to the fossil-bearing deposits in and about Dragon Canyon and North Horn Mountain.
The area investigated lies within the region of the Manti National Forest and along the eastern part of the Wasatch Plateau. Physio- graphically, it belongs to the High Plateaus of Utah section of the Colorado Plateaus province, as defined by Fenneman and Johnson.
North Horn Mountain (T. 18 S., R. 6 E.), due west of the towns of Orangeville and Castledale, is an outlying remnant of the plateau to the west, being separated from it by the troughlike depression known as North or Upper Dragon. Dragon Canyon, or the Lower Dragon, hes principally in the western half of T. 19 S., R. 6 E., and together with North Dragon is primarily the result of a complex graben struc- ture extending for a considerable distance both north and south.
The writer wishes to acknowledge the courtesy extended by Dr. Walter Granger and Dr. G. G. Simpson in permitting him to make further comparisons with Paleocene materials in the American Mu- seum of Natural History. The drawings illustrating the specimens were made by Sydney Prentice.
302662—41——1 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91 HISTORY OF THE INVESTIGATION
The occurrence of fossil vertebrates in this region was first recog- nized in 1935 with the discovery, by Dr. J. B. Reeside, Jr., and Dr. E. M. Spieker, of the U. S. Geological Survey, of fragmentary dino- saur remains in exposures around North Horn Mountain and of incom- plete mammalian remains at a locality high on Wagon Road Ridge across the Dragon depression, to the west of North Horn Mountain. These materials were all from beds that had been earlier regarded as “Wasatch” in geological investigations pertaining to coal resources of the region.
In 1937 a Smithsonian Institution expedition under the direction of C. W. Gilmore, and with the aid of Dr. Spieker, made a collection of dinosaurian remains from the Cretaceous of the region, and was also successful, through the particular efforts of George B. Pearce, a member of the party, in discovering a fruitful locality for Paleocene mammals in lower Dragon Canyon. A popular account of this ex- pedition by C. W. Gilmore and a description of the Paleocene fossils by the writer were published in 1938.
During the summer season of 1938 a Smithsonian party under the writer’s direction further investigated Paleocene and Cretaceous de- posits and was successful in considerably enlarging the fauna known from the previously described Dragon Canyon locality. A popular description of the 1938 expedition and descriptions of the Paleocene collections by the writer were published in 1939.
The success of the parties in the 1937 and 1938 expeditions, and at the same time the fragmentary nature of many of the new finds discovered during these seasons, made it imperative that further work be done at these localities; hence, the 1939 and 1940 expeditions undertook more thorough investigations of both the Cretaceous and Paleocene. Accounts by the writer of the 1939 and 1940 expeditions were published in 1940 and 1941, respectively.
FAUNAL RELATIONS
Contributory to the more outstanding results of further investiga- tion of the Paleocene in 1989 was the finding of a new fossiliferous locality in the upper portion of the North Horn series. The new locality is in a patch of exposures in the western half of section 7, T. 19 S., R. 6 E., about a mile nearly due west of the previously described Dragon Canyon locality, which is in the northwest portion of section 8. Fossils were found to occur at two levels in the new locality, the upper of which, though relatively less productive, is believed to represent the same stage as that at the old Dragon Canyon locality, the Dragon horizon, as indicated by the occurrence there of
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN a
Catopsalis utahensis, Oxyclaenus pearcei, Haploconus inopinatus, and Ellipsodon cf. shepherdi. The lower level, stratigraphically about 165 feet lower, has produced a new fauna that is more nearly equivalent to that of the Puerco but may be somewhat younger than the latter. This lower horizon, which may be known as the Wagonroad stage, is perhaps 10 or 15 feet above a level that may be arbitrarily defined as the base of the Paleocene in this region.
Lists of the forms recognized in the two faunas are given below:
DRAGON FAUNA WAGONROAD FAUNA MOULTITUBERCULATA : Taeniolabididae : Catopsalis utahensis Gazin Taeniolabis species
Ptilodontidae: Ptilodus ferronensis, new species INSECTIVORA: Pantolestidae: Aphronorus simpsoni Gazin Pantolestid (a), genus and species undetermined Pantolestid (b), genus and species undetermined Mixodectidae: Dracontolestes aphantus, new genus and species Mixodectid (a), genus and species | Mixodectid? (b), genus and species unde- undetermined termined TAENIODONTA : Stylinodontidae: Conoryctella dragonensis Gazin Stylinodont, near Psittacotherium
CARNIVORA: Arctocyonidae:
Protogonodon? spiekeri Gazin Protogonodon? species Protogonodon biatheles, new species
Oxyclaenus pearcei, new species Oavyclaenus species Oxyclaenid
Tricentes elassus, new species Goniacodon? species
Miacidae: Didymictis? species
CONDYLARTHRA:
Hyopsodontidae : Dracoclaenus griphus Gazin OCxytomodon perissum, new genus
and species
Ellipsodon shepherdi Gazin Ellipsodon? sternbergi Gazin Ellipsodon? species (a) Ellipsodon? species (b) Jepsenia mantiensis Gazin
Phenacodontidae : Desmatoclaenus hermaeus, new genus and
species Desmatoclaenus cf. paracreodus Desmatoclaenus paracreodus, new species Periptychidae :
Ectoconus symbolus, new species Periptychus gilmorei Gazin Carsioptychus hamavitus, new species Anisonchus dracus Gazin Anisonchus oligistus, new species Anisonclus onostus Gazin Haploconus inopinatus Gazin Haploconus? elachistus, new species
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
Indicative of an earlier age than that of the Dragon level and approaching more closely that of the Puerco is the presence in the Wagonroad fauna of forms representative of the genera Zaeniolabis, Ectoconus, and Carsioptychus. However, the separation in time of the two levels in the Dragon Canyon area is not great, as a relation- ship between the two stages is seen in the materials of Protogonodon?, Haploconus, and of the new form Desmatoclaenus. 'The Wagonroad is obviously more nearly comparable to the Puerco stage than it is to that of the Torrejon.
Reviewing the list of forms now known from the Dragon it would seem that the fauna was closely related to that of the Torrejon or Crazy Mountain Fort Union; however, a closer study of the individual forms in many cases shows them to be less distinctly removed from related types in the Puerco. This is noticeable in the periptychids, certain of the carnivores, and most markedly in the taeniodonts, the latter group apparently having undergone considerable change in at least two lines during lower Paleocene time. Many of the forms present, such as the multituberculates and insectivores, can be com- pared only with later types as ancestral stages of these are not known in the Puerco. The conclusion is that the Dragon fauna is intermediate between Puerco and Torrejon faunas in stage of development, perhaps a trifle closer to the Torrejon, whereas the Wagonroad fauna is definitely closer, if not equivalent, to that of the Puerco.
GEOLOGIC RELATIONS
Work during the summer season of 1939 included an investigation of the geologic relations existing in and around the Dragon in order to show the distribution of certain formations and to account for the otherwise anomalous position of many of the fossil localities. For this purpose a small map has been prepared (fig. 1), using an enlargement of a portion of the topographic and geologic map of EK. M. Spieker as a base. The later Cretaceous and Paleocene beds previously undifferentiated are here distinguished and the distribution of these together with that of the Flagstaff limestone and later deposits is more accurately shown. Moreover, a greater refinement of the fault pattern is indicated.
Stratigraphy.—The older rocks, including the Blackhawk and Price River formation, and a limited exposure of Star Point sandstone in Ferron Canyon are all of Cretaceous age and have not been dis- tinguished on the map. They consist principally of massive buff sandstones with interbedded clay shale, sandy clay, and coal (in the lower part), and with a certain amount of conglomeratic material in the Price River formation.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM FROGEEDINGS,-VOL.391 (PEATE 1
is
we
4, View northwestward of principal fossiliterous exposures of Dragon Paleocene in Dragon Canyon (loc. 2 in fig. 1 and pl. 2, B), NW% sec. 8, T. 19S., R. 6 E.
B, View northward in northerly pocket of exposure seen in upper photograph. Figure in middk
foreground is approximately at fossiliferous horizon. A large portion of the remains of the Dragon fauna was found in the small area shown in this view. Caprock of Flagstaff limestone
is seen in right background.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91 PLATE 2
A, General view northward of Wagon Road Ridge locality, near Sanpete-—Emery County line and probably in sec. 36, T. 18 S., R. 5 E. The first Paleocene materials from this region, though fragmentary and undeterminable, were discovered at this locality by Drs. Reeside and Spieker in 1935. Subsequent small collections are indicative of the Dragon horizon.
B, General view northward across Ferron Canyon and up Dragon Canyon, showing the principal
localities for fossil vertebrates, numbered as on the geologic map (fig. 1): (1) Cretaceous expo- sures at southwest portion of North Horn Mountain, which produced sauropod and ceratopsian dinosaur remains; (2) principal Dragon Canyon Paleocene locality, Dragon horizon (pl. 1); (3) Cretaceous exposures in lower part of Dragon Canyon, which produced the fossil lizard col- lection; (+) new Paleocene locality, with both Dragon and Wagonroad horizons (pl. 3). Original discovery locality, shown above, is indicated by arrow in left background on Wagon Road Ridge.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN
AW ff Wf WU / YI
/
ys VEN YM Y YY ML ae
A] Terrace | deposits post- Flagstaff
Flagstaff limestone
7) North Horn Liisi, Paleocene J North Horn
Cretaceous
Price River, } Blackhawk Cretaceous
IN) yn) // f Y ) if AV) DHE pe Ry ) We L(x ; mile i HA ATX wy eM / contour interval = 250 ft. A » fH ‘
Figure 1.—Geologic map of the Dragon Canyon area, showing principal fossil localities
WY Ni Li
Or
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
Overlying the Price River formation, apparently in conformable relation, is the fossiliferous series of clays, sandy clays, and sand- stones that have been designated by Spieker as the North Horn forma- tion. The use of this name should in the opinion of the writer have been restricted so as to include only the Cretaceous or Paleocene beds and not both. However, since the U. S. Geological Survey has adopted the more inclusive definition for North Horn, the name Joes Valley is proposed as a member to include the Paleocene portion of the North Horn formation. The clays and sandy clays in the Creta- ceous portion of the North Horn are varied in color with thick beds of gray, green, and brown shades of clay with occasional thinner zones of more reddish clay. Near the top the buff sandstones become more conspicuous, forming cliffs below the Paleocene deposits.
The Joes Valley member exposed high on the mountain slopes adjacent to Joes Valley has been more critically observed farther south on North Horn Mountain, and particularly in Dragon Canyon, where the Paleocene fossils occur. The member is defined as begin- ning with the highly colored clay and sandy clay, locally black carbonaceous shales, resting abruptly but without apparent discon- formity on the massive sandstones capping the dinosaur-bearing North Horn beds. The variegated clays of the Paleocene series re- semble those in the lower portion of the North Horn formation but are usually not so thick and appear to be more gaudily colored and with conspicuous white channel sands. The upper portion of the Joes Valley member, above both of the fossil levels, is not so markedly variegated and includes a greater quantity of buff sandstone, with thicker zones of more uniformly colored sandy clay, ending abruptly beneath the Flagstaff limestone. The thickness of the Joes Valley member was not measured, but it clearly amounts to several hundred feet. Apparently, however, it is not so thick as the lower portion of the North Horn.
The Flagstaff limestone, overlying the Joes Valley member, contains numerous fresh-water shells, but it has produced no vertebrate re- mains. Its age is not certainly determined, but it may be within the limits of the Paleocene. Overlying the limestone in various places in Dragon Canyon is a series of soft clays that on weathered surfaces show brick red alternating with much lighter colors. Inter- bedded with the clay are occasional thin beds of limestone. This material is designated on the map as post-Flagstaff. No fossils were found in these beds.
Structure—Dragon Canyon is essentially part of a graben that extends a considerable distance north and south. The downdropped block is highly faulted and amounts simply to a zone of faulting in which the slices are all depressed below the relatively undisturbed
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 7
masses to the east and west. The principal fault along the east side of the zone has had displacement exceeding 2,000 feet in places, as indicated by the extent to which the Flagstaff limestone has been depressed. To the west across Dragon Canyon this displacement has been taken up along three principal surfaces of faulting, but with minor fractures along which displacement has been in an opposite direction.
Throughout most of the region the rocks are nearly level lying, but within the depressed zone the sediments are noticeably dis- turbed, particularly adjacent to the faults, where strong drag folding was observed. Certain of the slices, particularly the most easterly block, are depressed northward, and this together with the effect of drag along the bounding faults has in these cases resulted in an average northeasterly dip to the various deposits. The slice on which localities 2 and 3 are shown has been raised relative to both blocks immediately adjacent; hence the sediments are more nearly level, but with a noticeable downward drag adjacent to the westerly fault in the vicinity of locality 3. On the other hand, a very strong upward drag is apparent along the westerly margin of the two westerly slices, near locality 4.
Fossil. localities—Four localities have been indicated on the map. These show the general location of the principal occurrences of fossil vertebrates with the exception of a locality for Paleocene mammals on Wagon Road Ridge some distance to the north of the area shown on the map, and of several sites around North Horn Mountain, which cannot be shown on the map, from which dinosaur remains have been recovered.
Those that have been indicated are as follows: (1) A locality in Cretaceous rock on North Horn Mountain where the greater part of a sauropod dinosaur was discovered in 1937, near the line between sections:3 and 4, T. 19 S., R. 6 E. (2) The original Paleocene locality in Dragon Canyon from which most of the Dragon collection was obtained; NW}, sec. 8, T. 19 S., R. 6 E. (3) A Cretaceous locality in the lower part of Dragon Canyon, which produced the unique fossil lizard collection; S14 sec. 17, T. 19 S., R. 6 E. (4) The new Paleocene locality where mammalian fossils were discovered at two distinct levels; W% sec. 7, T.19S., R.6 E.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE MATERIAL MULTITUBERCULATA
Genus TAENIOLABIS Cope TAENIOLABIS species
The genus Zaenzolabis is apparently represented in the collection from the Wagonroad horizon by the posterior half of a first lower molar, U.S.N.M. No. 16172 (fig. 2, a). In size and appearance the speci- men closely resembles this portion of M, in Taeniolabis tadensis from the Puerco of New Mexico. The form present in the Wagonroad hori- zon may represent this species, but in the absence of better material, showing at least something of the cusp formula, no specific reference is made.
Although our knowledge of the history or development of the Taeniolabididae is very incomplete, the presence of T'aeniolabis and the absence of Catopsalis in the Wagonroad fauna are significant in indicating a relationship to the Puercan stage.
In the structure of the molars Catopsalis would appear to be an- cestral to Taeniolabis, but since their known positions in time are the reverse the two must be regarded as representing separate phyla, and that having the less specialized molars surviving here longer, or reaching this region at a later date.
Genus CATOPSALIS Cope CATOPSALIS UTAHENSIS Gazin
Catopsalis utahensis GAzIn, 1939b, p. 275.
The type of Catopsalis utahensis, U.S.N.M. No. 15757, frotn the Dragon horizon, as represented at the principal Dragon Canyon locality (loc. 2 in fig. 1), consists of a single first lower molar (fig. 2, b). The specimen exhibits the simple type of pattern seen in Catopsalis from the Torrejon rather than the more specialized dental structure of the Puerco Zaeniolabis. It differs from M, in specimens of Catopsalis known from the Torrejon of the San Juan Basin in having the cusp formula 6:4. In the type of Catopsalis foliatus it is 5:4, and in the type of C. fissidens the formula is 6:5, or better. Moreover, the tooth is relatively wider than in either of the Torrejon specimens. Catopsalis calgariensis from the Paskapoo was described by Russell from a second lower molar; hence no satisfactory comparison with the type of C. wtahensis is possible.
From additional material of this form collected in 1939 it is seen that the lower molars are distinctly wider than in either C. fissedens or @. foliatus. In an M, (fig. 2, ¢), No. 16185, from the upper or Dragon horizon at the new locality (loc. 4 in fig. 1), slightly more
PEATE 3
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91
NATIONAL MUSEUM
Se
“SyIOol Japyjo esau Ol Jusovlpy uMOD pod[nes us9q Surary 9UIIO9| EV oui ‘o8v SNOIIEII-) jo ote punoisyoeq 42 aut ul aspiu JURISIP oud pu Je sainsodxa FUL “UOZIIOY pBoiu0se AA ai sA0qe Joes so] qjnoqe Aypeorydvasiyv.4s Ouly pros 9ui Aq poyPotpul [949] our 12 punoasyoeq oui ul saansodxa wot poute}go SEM 5B uoDsvICy jo 3q Ol petapiIsuoy S]PBltoq -eul jo UOT}IaT[OI [[vuus V “OUuly peysep 94} Aq Ajayeuxoidde paeadn podtuuty ‘puno1sa104 oui ul sainsodxa wo poeute}go SPM UOTJIITJOI peoru0se AA aiQue eur
IsOoWTY “AI US 6 L ‘Zz °298 OM (Fie ‘td pur | “Sy *f *90]) uodury uoseiq jo jaed usaqsom ayy ul AV {Ro0] aUdI09|¥q__P21aAOdsIp AyTMau JIAO PABMYZIOU MITA
ee
“
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 9
worn than the type, the posterointernal cusp is further divided for a part of its height so that the inner row has five cusps instead of four. Wear has obscured the posterior portion of the outer row so that it is uncertain as to whether there were five or six cusps, and the formula may be 5:5 or 6:5. The tooth is slightly larger than the type of C. utahensis.
The posterior portion of another M,, No. 16211, shows a cusp divi- sion suggestive of the formula 7:5 or possibly 6:5. The latter tooth portion is about the size of the type and comes from the original Dragon Canyon locality.
An incomplete tooth portion, No. 16210, which has only four cusps preserved, is relatively large and may be the anterior portion of M,, in which case it approaches in size small specimens of Z'aeniolabis. However, it may be the posterior portion of an M, of C. utahensis.
ty S mAs iS
Ficure 2.—a, Taentolabis sp., lower molar portion (U.S.N.M. No. 16172), occlusal view, Wagonroad Paleocene, Utah; b, Catopsalis utahensis Gazin, M, (U.S.N.M. No. 15757), type specimen, occlusal view, Dragon Paleocene, Utah, c, C. utahensis, M; (U.S.N.M. No. 16185), occlusal view, Dragon Paleocene, Utah. All X 2.
A right lower jaw, No. 16209, in the Dragon collection has both M, and M, but unfortunately the teeth are checked and partially obscured by an ironlike matrix.
Material of Catopsalis is particularly rare, there being but about three known specimens outside of the material herein described, and one of these, an M,, the type of Catopsalis calgariensis from the Paskapoo, has been lost, although a cast of it is in the collections of the American Museum of Natural History. The other two, the types of C. foliatus and C. fissidens, are lower dentitions from the Torrejon. The material of C. utahensis though more than doubling the number of specimens representing Catopsalis does not seem to present any significant evidence as to the ancestral stages in the development of this genus. It is interesting to note, however, that C. utahensis, especially as represented by No. 16185 and No. 16210, appears somewhat less distinctly removed from 7aeniolabis than do the Torrejon forms.
The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the type, No. 15757, are 12 (approximately) and 6.5 mm., respectively. In No. 16185 these diameters are 13 and 7.3 mm., respectively.
302662—4 12
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
Genus PTILODUS Cope
PTILODUS FERRONENSIS,! new species
Type—Fragment of right ramus of mandible with P,, U.S.N.M. No. 16176.
Horizon and locality—Dvragon Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
Specific characters—Near Ptilodus mediaevus in size. P, in type longer, with crest less elevated posteriorly. About 12 serrations, as indicated by ridges on lateral surface of tooth. Notch between an- terior and posterior roots not so acute and buccal wall of crown not extending down root portion so far. P* in referred material rela- tively shorter and wider and P? slightly wider than in P. mediaevus. Cusps in P? and P? less elevated and less distinct. Outer row of cusps on referred M1? less developed posteriorly.
Description.—Included in the material representing Ptilodus ferronensis are five lower jaw fragments with P,, a maxillary fragment with P* and P?, and an incomplete, isolated M*. P, in No. 16176 (fig. 3), the type of P. ferronensis, is a little longer than in Ptilodus mediaevus and has the posterior Ficure 3.—Pulodus ferro- portion of the crest a little less elevated.
pe! new species: Jaw "he notch between the anterior and posterior
ragment with P, (U.S.N. B
M. No. 16176), type speci- Toots is not so acute, as viewed from the
men, fateral and occlusal Outer surface, and the buccal wall of the
views, X 3, Dragon Paleo- tooth does not extend so far down on the
cene, Utah. roots in the type. ‘The notch between the roots of P, in No. 16225, referred to P. ferronensis, does not appear to be so obtuse. The number of serrations on the crown of P, in the type is about 12, as indicated in part by the ridges on the lateral sur- face of the tooth, apparently less by a similar method of counting than in certain specimens of P. mediaevus examined, although 12 is the median figure given by Simpson for the Torrejon form.
Pt and P? in No. 16212 compare favorably in size with Ptilodus mediaevus (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nos. 3033 and 16533), but P? is relatively shorter and wider than in the Torrejon material, and P?, though incomplete posteriorly, is a little wider than in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 3033. The cusps of these two teeth in the Utah speci- men are not so markedly separated and are less elevated than in the Torrejon material.
1 Named from Ferron Canyon in Emery and Sanpete Counties, Utah.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN Hl
An incomplete M? in the collection, No. 16216, shows the outer row of cusps less developed posteriorly than in Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 3033 from the Torrejon.
The length of P, in the type, No. 16176, of Ptilodus ferronensis is 9mm. In No. 16212 P is 3.3 mm. long and 2.8 wide, and P? is 3.5 mm. wide.
INSECTIVORA Genus APHRONORUS Simpson
APHRONORUS SIMPSONI? Gazin Aphronorus simpsoni GAZIN, 1988, p. 2738.
About 19 specimens, consisting of isolated teeth or jaw fragments with one to four teeth, from the Dragon level are considered to represent, Aphronorus. All but three of these, upper premolars, are lower jaw remains. The up- per molar earlier (Gazin, 1939b, p. 275) thought to be of Aphro- norus simpsoni is now cited here- in as pantolestid (b).
Aphronorus simpsoni is close in size to A. fraudator from the Crazy Mountain Fort Union but differs from this species in cer- tain relative proportions, which are outside the limits given by Simpson for the middle Paleo- Figure 4.—Aphronorus simpsoni Gazin:
ne Left ramus of mandible with Py-M3 (U. cene form. The ramus, No. 15539 S.N.M. No. 15539), type specimen, later-
(fig. eae made the type, is slight- al and occlusal views, X 4, Dragon Pa- ly deeper than in the several leocene, Utah.
Fort Union specimens that the
writer examined, a difference more noticeable in the posterior portion. Also, the posterior molars are relatively larger, par- ticularly M;, which is larger than in any of the Fort Union specimens examined. However, the teeth are relatively slender. This is most noticeable in P,, which combines the greatest length with the least width given by Simpson for A. fraudator. Moreover, the posterior wall or shear of the trigonid in the molars is not so distinctly transverse, but directed slightly more forward externally. In P, the shear is more nearly transverse though somewhat irregular as a slight ridge extends down the posterior wall of the metaconid and unites with the hypoconid crest.
2 Named for Dr. G. G. Simpson.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
TABLE 1.— Measurements (in millimeters) of lower teeth of Aphronorus simpsoni
Measurement Py M, M, M; Anteroposterior diameter)/2U_ 220! J isu Se ee = 3.8 | 3.0 3.0 3.2 Transverse diameters. 62 2) as ee ee se eee 2.0 Dail Delt De
Pantolestid (a), genus and species undetermined
A maxillary portion (fig. 5), No. 16184, with M? and M®, represents a pantolestid insectivore near Bessoecetor. The teeth are relatively wide transversely, M? being about one-fourth wider than in Bes- soecetor thomsoni. Anteroposteriorly the tooth is about the same, or possibly as much as a sixth greater than in B. thomsoni. The hypo- cone is markedly lingual in position and the anteroexternal angle, though partially broken away, is seen to be much heavier than in M? of the Scarritt Quarry form. The anterior wall of M’ shows a somewhat heavier cingulum and the posterior wall does not show so acute a notch adjacent to the metaconule. M®, though poorly preserved, appears to be anteropos- teriorly compressed. Both teeth are much more re- duced anteroposteriorly than in Aphronorus, and the external styles are directed more as in Bessoe- cetor. Moreover, the teeth are much smaller than in Ficure 5.—Panto- Palaeosinopa senior, also recorded from the Scarritt Oe wees Quarry in the Crazy Mountain field of Montana. Maxillary por- & lower jaw portion, No. 16219, with M; pre- tion with M2 and served may belong to this form. M, has the trigonid M? (U.S.N.M. structure much as in Bessoecetor, or even Aphro- No. 16184), oc- »oprys, but the talonid is more reduced than in B. Beat oes diluculi, somewhat as in B. thomsom. However, its cone eat size is such as to suggest a relationship to the form represented by the upper molars described above, and the reduced talonid is quite in accord with the anteroposterior reduction of M® in No. 16184. The anteroposterior and greatest transverse diameters of M?, No. 16184, are 2.5 (approximately) and 4.9 mm., respectively; of Ms, No. 16219, 2.7 and 2.0 mm.
Pantolestid (b), genus and species undetermined
A single upper molar, No. 15791, provisionally referred to Aphro- norus simpsoni, seems on further consideration to represent not Aphronorus but a pantolestid type closer to Bessoecetor. The tooth is about a third smaller than the M? in the form herein described as pantolestid (a), hence somewhat smaller than either of the first
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN ie
two molars in B. thomsoni or in B. diluculi. However, this tooth more closely resembles Bessoecetor in its proportions and outline than it does the larger Dragon pantolestid (a).
DRACONTOLESTES,; new genus
Type—Dracontolestes aphantus, new species.
Generic characters.—Lingual cusps of lower molars slightly more elevated than outer. Trigonid moderately elevated. Paraconid crest extends to a markedly lingual point. Talonid basin closed lingually. Crest extending forward from hypoconid joins trigonid at a distinctly lateral point. No external cingulum on M, and M3.
DRACONTOLESTES APHANTUS,‘ new species
Type.—Leit ramus of mandible, U.S.N.M. No. 16180, with M; and part of M,.
Horizon and locality —Dragon Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
Specific characters—Much smaller than known species of Hudaemonema and Llpidophorus. Teeth about the size of those in Aphronorus simpsont.
Description—The lower jaw with M; and part of M., No. 16180 (fig. 6), represents a species in the Dragon level which is clearly mixodectid, but cannot be certainly referred to any of the known genera. The form is much smaller than species of Hudae- monema and Elpidophorus, being dis- Ficure 6.—Dracontolestes aphantus, tinctly smaller than Llpidophorus mi- new genus and species: Left ramus
nor from the Crazy Mountain Fort of mandible with M2-Ms (U.S.N.M. WON No. 16180), type specimen, lateral
i : 3 and occlusal views, 4, Dragon The inner cusps are only slightly _pajeocene, Utah.
more elevated than the outer, such as
observed in some material of Hudaemonema cuspidata, not so accentuated in this respect as in Hlpidophorus. ‘The trigonid por- tion is elevated with respect to the talonid but the cusps in general, though sharp, are not so elevated as in Hudaemonema cuspidata. The crest carrying the paraconid extends lingually even more than in Elpidophorus patratus somewhat as in Elpidophorus minor, not extending forward or so median in position as characteristic of Eudaemonema. Moreover, the talonid basin is closed lingually by
§ dpaxwy, dragon + Agoris, thief. 4&pavros, obscure.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOU, 91
the crest extending forward from the entoconid to the metaconid, and the crest forward from the hypoconid joins the posterior wall of the trigonid at a point distinctly more external than in either of the above genera. The talonid basin is well excavated and in M; is not so restricted by the fiexure of the outer wall anterior to the hypoconid as in Elpidophorus patratus. The hypoconulid in M.,, though weak, is placed almost as close to the entoconid as in the Crazy Mountain forms. It may be further noted that the two molars do not show evidence of an external cingulum such as exists in Elpidophorus material.
The anteroposterior diameter of M; in No. 16180 is 3.5 mm. The transverse diameters of M, and M; are 2.3 and 2.0 mm., respectively.
This new form is possibly closest to the Hlpidophorus line but differs most notably in the less accentuated elevation of the inner cusps and in the more widely basined talonids. The differences from Fudaemonema that are significant, though not striking, in determin- ing the relationship of this form lie principally in the position of the paraconid and in the distinctly closed talonid basins. The lateral position of the crest joming the hypoconid with the trigonid wall is distinctive with respect to both.
Specimen No. 15719, which includes an incomplete lower molar, earlier described (Gazin, 1939b, p. 276) as belonging possibly to a primate, closely resembles M, in the above described type, so that in the absence of additional material demonstrating more certainly the presence of a primate in the fauna this specimen is referred to Dracontolestes aphantus.
Mixodectid (a), genus and species undetermined
A jaw fragment, No. 16220, with a single molar is seen to rep- resent a second mixodectid type of insectivore in the Dragon fauna. The tooth is almost as large as in Hudaemonema cuspidata and appar- ently a little larger than in ELlpidophorus minor. The protoconid and metaconid are broken, and although the inner of the two may possibly have been the larger, in the talonid the entoconid is not higher than the hypoconid, suggesting Hudaemonema rather than Elpidophorus, and the talonid basin opens internally with almost, but not quite, as broad an opening as in specimens of Hudaemonema. The tooth also lacks the distinct external cingulum seen in material of Elpidophorus. Wowever, the paraconid is markedly internal in position, and not so low or projecting so forward as in Hudaemo- nema cuspidata. The paraconid is placed somewhat as appears to be the case in M, of Elpidophorus minor. The tooth, though a little shorter, is relatively wider than in Hudaemonema cuspidata, suggesting Hpidophorus in this respect, but is slightly lower crowned than in either. It may be further noted that the hypoconulid, rising
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 15
from a slight posterior cingulum, does not appear to be placed quite so far internally, and the outer walls of the protoconid and hypo- conid are not so nearly vertical as in Hudaemonema and Elpidophorus, but seem to be more sloping, causing at least the talonid basin to appear slightly narrower with respect to the width of the tooth.
The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the lower molar, No. 16220, are 3.4 and 2.9 mm., respectively.
Mixodectid ? (b), genus and species undetermined
A maxillary portion, No. 16200, with an upper molar, possibly M? (fig. 7), and part of the next succeeding tooth may represent a small mixodectid in the Wagonroad fauna. The molar shows a well-developed shelflike cingulum external to the par- acone and metacone and acute external styles. The hypocone is markedly lingual in position and a cin- gulum is continuous around the inner portion of the protocone, not including the hypocone but appar- ently terminating posteriorly and upward between the protocone and hypocone. A posterior cingulum extends laterally from the hypocone. The lingual poupe 7.—Mixo- position of the hypocone suggests a relationship to — dectid? (b): Max- Huda: monema, inasmuch as in £/pidophorus the hy- __ illaryportionwith pocone is not placed so far inward. The cingular shelf ©? Upper molar on the outer side of the tooth seems more prominent PR ARONA than in either of the Crazy Mountain forms. No. 16200), oc-
The occurrence of this small form in the Wagon- clusal view, X 4, road fauna is of interest, being unlike anything in = Wagonroad_ Pa- the Puerco and if found to represent a mixodectid — eocene Utah. it is the earliest known.
The tooth measures about 3.3 and 5.4 mm., anteroposteriorly and transversely.
TAENIODONTA Genus CONORYCTELLA * Gazin
CONORYCTELLA DRAGONENSIS ¢ Gazin Conoryctella dragonensis GAZIN, 1939b, p. 276.
A conoryctid type of taeniodont is recognized in the Dragon collec- tions by a maxillary portion with three teeth, P* to M’, and a lower jaw fragment with a single molar obtained in 1938, and two additional lower molars found in 1939.
The upper teeth, No. 15704, made the type of Conoryctella dragon- ensis (fig. 8), are seen, as previously described, to be a little smaller
5 Conoryctes+ ella, a small conoryetid. ® Named for Dragon Canyon.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
than in Conoryctes comma but distinctly larger than in Onychodectes tisonensis. The Dragon form is about intermediate between these two species in degree of hypsodonty. P* is not so nearly molariform as in C. comma and has the lingual portion more compressed antero- posteriorly. The protocone and deuterocone are prominent conical cusps, and the tritocone, though damaged, is seen to be but weakly developed as compared to the other two cusps. The lingual portion of this tooth does not appear crescentic; nevertheless, a low crest or cingulum extends along the posterior portion between the deutero- cone and tritocone.
The paracone and metacone in the first two molars, as far as pre- served, are seen to be conical and low and are separated from the outer margin of the teeth by a heavy cingulum. The meso- style, though present, is not so strongly developed as in @. comma. It is absent in O. téso- nensis, The anteroexternal and posteroexternal angles of the teeth are more rounded than in O. tisonensis and do not exhibit styles at these points as in the Puerco form.
The anteroposterior diam- eters of the upper teeth, P* to M?, are approximately 7.5, 8.2, and 7.4 mm., respectively. Any
Ficure 8.—Conoryctella dragonensis Gazin: transverse measurements would Maxillary portion with P4-M? (U.S.N.M. ba highly aubineae No. 15704), type specimen, lateral and oc- Buy 3 Me clusal views, X 2, Dragon Paleocene, Utah. The lower Jaw fragment, No.
15722, with a molar tooth, ap- parently M,, may represent Conoryctella dragonensis, although it is from an individual somewhat smaller than the type. The tooth is about intermediate between O. tisonensis and C. comma in hypsodonty but apparently a little nearer O. tisonensis in size. The trigonid of the tooth possesses a moderately developed paraconid situated much as in M, of QO. tisonensis. 'The heel or talonid, though partially ob- scured by matrix, is relatively broad, appears to be deeply basined and to have a somewhat cuspidate crest, approaching the condition seen in C. comma.
The two lower molars, No. 16173, added to the collection in 1939, exhibit an arrangement of the cusps around the margin of the talonid very much as in Onychodectes, without the greater number of acces- sory cuspules seen in Conoryctes. The teeth are relatively a little
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH:
GAZIN LZ
wider and the heel more basined than in Onychodectes and as with other material known of the form the two teeth are intermediate be- tween O. tisonensis and C. comma in size and hypsodonty.
The Dragon lower teeth do not exhibit the basal accessory cuspule anteroexternal to the hypocone characterizing Onychodectes rarus.
Stylinodont, near Psittacotherium
A single incisor tooth, No. 16204, apparently lower, seems most certainly to belong to a stylinodont type of taeniodont. The tooth is moderately worn but shows evidence of a conical labial portion and a marked lingual shelf, and exhibits a heavy, transversely flattened root. The tooth is about intermediate in size between corresponding teeth in the types of the Puerco and Torrejon species, Wortmania otariidens and Psittacotherium multifragum. 'The lingual shelf seems more extended than in Wortmania but is not so prominent or so broadened as in Pstttacotheriwm, and the enamel does not extend down the labial wall of the tooth for so great a distance as in the latter genus.
The occurrence of a stylinodont in the Dragon fauna was to be expected since this family is represented in both the Puerco and Torrejon stages; in fact the line appears to be continuous through the Paleocene, and into Eocene time where it is represented by the genera E'ctoganus and Stylinodon.
CARNIVORA Genus PROTOGONODON Scott
PROTOGONODON? SPIEKERI7™ Gazin Protogonodon? spiekeri GAzIN, 1988, p. 274.
The species Protogonodon? spiekert was described from a right lower jaw portion with M,, M., and part of M; in the Dragon collec- tion obtained in 1937. Subsequent material includes a lower jaw portion with M, and isolated portions of lower molars. Upper jaw material, including an M? and a maxillary portion with part of M®* and the root portion of M?, was referred to this species, but the recognition of a second species, Protogonodon biatheles, from lower- jaw material obtained from the Dragon horizon in 1939 makes doubt- ful the reference of these upper teeth to P.? spiekeri, in the absence of any association between upper and lower teeth.
The lower molars of Protogonodon? spiekeri, as represented by the type, No. 15538 (fig. 9), correspond closely in size to those of P.
7 Named for Dr. Edmund M., Spieker, 302662—41——_3
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
pentacus from the Puerco but exhibit more rugose enamel. The para- conid, which is preserved in only the first two molars, is more lingual in position and not so distinct from the metaconid. The cusps around the talonid, however, though low, are somewhat more distinct from those adjacent than in P. pentacus, with less development of a crest and basin. The trigonid portions of the teeth are somewhat more elevated with respect to the talonids than is usual in P. pentacus.
Tn the reduction and position of the paraconid and in the rugosity of the enamel the Dragon form makes a definite approach toward the condition seen in the Torrejon specimens referred to Claenodon cor- rugatus (C. ferow). The paraconid in M,, and perhaps M,, of P.? spickeri is better developed and more distinctly separated from the metaconid than in C. corrugatus although it is placed nearly as far
Ficure 9.—Protogonodon? spiekert Gazin: Right ramus of mandible with My, Mg, and part of M; (U.S.N.M. No. 15538), type specimen, lateral and occlusal views, X 114, Dragon Paleocene, Utah.
lingually as in the Torrejon material. The union or ridge between the protoconid and metaconid is simple and not double as frequently seen in the more coarsely rugose teeth of Claenodon corrugatus. On the talonid the hypoconulid is more distinct from the entoconid, whereas in (. corrugatus these two form a more conspicuous ridge, which usually continues with the cingulum around the hypoconid. The cusps in general are lower and more distinct than in Claenodon, with a less distinctly basined talonid, with fewer accessory cuspules, and a finer quality of rugosity.
M, in the type, though incomplete, is much less elongate than in CO. corrugatus, as indicated by the spacing of the metaconid, entoconid, and hypoconulid.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 19
The maxillary fragment, No. 15541, tentatively referred to Proto- gonodon? spiekeri, shows no important characters other than a rela- tively great difference in size between M? and M°. The isolated M? is complete and shows a slight development of a mesostyle, not nearly so prominent, however, as in Deuterogonodon montanus, and the slight hypocone is not nearly so lingual in position.
In most respects, especially in the character of the trigonid of the lower molars, P.? spiekeri stands in a relation nearly intermediate between Protogonodon and Claenodon, with perhaps a slightly greater resemblance to Protogonodon. It is distinct from Deuterogonodon montanus, as represented by the paratype, in the lowness of the cusps, the far less developed crest and basin of the talonid, and in the relatively greater importance of the entoconid.
The anteroposterior diameters of the first and second lower molars are 10 and 11 mm., respectively. The transverse diameters are 8 and
9.3 mm. PROTOGONODON BIATHELES, new species
Type.—Portions of both rami of the mandible with M, and M,, U.S.N.M. No. 16181.
Horizon and locality——Dragon Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
Specific characters——M, and M, slightly larger than Protogono- don? spiekert. Paraconid median in position. Talonid relatively wide. Teeth slightly rugose.
Description —¥ragments of both rami of the mandible, No. 16181 (fig. 10), with M, and M,, found in a mass of barite crystals to- gether with well-worn upper teeth of Des- matoclaenus paracreodus in the Dragon hori- zon, appear to represent a species of Proto- gonodon distinct from P.? spiekeri. The molars are only slightly larger than those in P.? spiekeri, but in contrast with this form the paraconid is much more median in posi- tion, even in comparison with Protogonodon pentacus. The trigonid portion is relatively narrow, and the talonid, especially of M., io idee ern eee is markedly wider and more basined thanin ons of mandible with either P.? spiekert or P. pentacus. This M, and M2 (U.S.N.M. specialization is directly opposite to that seen —No. 16181), type specimen, in Protogonodon kimbetovius where the tal- _!8teral and occlusal views,
a : < 1%, Dragon Paleocene, onid is relatively narrow. The enamel of Utah. the teeth is very slightly rugose, much less so in the talonid basin in comparison with P.? spiekeri, although the teeth appear to be about as unworn as in the type of the latter.
Frcoure 10.— Protogonodon
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
Considerable doubt attaches to the assignment of any upper teeth to this species. Those tentatively assigned to P.? spickeri may be- long to P. biatheles; however, the reduced size of M; suggested in the type of P.? spiekeri indicates allocation of the preserved third upper molars to that species.
PROTOGONODON? species
A maxillary portion, No. 16193 (fig. 11), including M® and a much damaged M?, in the Wagonroad collection strongly resembles material in the Dragon collections referred to Protogonodon? spiek- ert. M® is rounded and the cingulum, which appears to extend entirely around the tooth, is rugose, whereas the central basin is smooth. Arising from the cingulum is a hypocone about as in the Dragon M®* but between the paracone
and metacone and separate from the cingulum a Ficure 11.—Protogon- :
ee ee aire. much-worn accessory cuspule or mesostyle is de-
llary portion with Veloped to an extent approaching that in Deu-
M3 and part of M2. terogonodon montanus. In M?, No. 15733, re-
(U.S.N.M. No. ferred to P.? spiekert from the Dragon horizon,
ee tes cea there is a slight cuspule in this position.
atte . H ee The anteroposterior and transverse diameters
Utah. of M°, No. 16193, are about 9.5 and 10.5 mm.,
respectively.
Other incomplete portions of teeth in the collections from the Wagonroad horizon probably represent the same form as No. 16193, or a closely related type. All show evidence of a moderately heavy cingulum but none of the upper tooth fragments exhibit a mesostyle as in No. 16193.
A single last lower molar, No. 16344, in the small collection from the original Wagon Road Ridge locality (the equivalence of which to either the Wagonroad or Dragon horizons is uncertain) may repre- sent a species of Protogonodon. The elevation of the trigonid sug- gests Hoconodon but differs from that form in having the paraconid so nearly median in position.
Genus OXYCLAENUS Cope
OXYCLAENUS PEARCEI,§ new species
Type—Portions of right and left rami of the mandible with M, and M,, U.S.N.M. No. 16186.
Horizon and locality—Dragon Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
8 Named for Franklin Pearce, in recognition of his field assistance.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN Zi
Specific characters—Size near Oxyclaenus simplex. Talonid of M, relatively wide. Paraconid directed forward and more distinct from protoconid and metaconid. M, unreduced.
Description.—Several lower jaw fragments from the Dragon hori- zon represent a species of Oxyclaenus near O. simplex. M, in the type specimen, No. 16186 (fig. 12), from the upper or Dragon level at the new locality in the western part of the canyon is about the same size as the single lower molar belonging with the type of O. simplex, being smaller and not so high crowned as in Oay- claenus cuspidatus. It differs from O. simplex principally in having a wider talonid portion and a narrower trigonid, some- what as in Lowolophus but with the talonid basin more open in- ternally; however, the teeth are relatively slender and exhibit a well-defined external cingulum as in Oxyclaenus. The paraconid is directed more forward than in Oxyclaenus and separated from : both the protoconid and metaco- Ficurr 12.—Oxyclaenus pearcei, new spe- nid by a more distinct notch. cies: Right ramus of mandible with
M; in the type exhibits a trigo- eee ee
saa s StyP . Se specimen, lateral and occlusal views; nid portion much as in M,, but X 3, Dragon Paleocene, Utah. the tooth is fully as large as M,, not showing the reduction seen in Puerco specimens referred to O. stmplew (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 16347) and O. cuspidatus (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 16346).
An upper molar fragment, No. 15736, which includes only the in- ner portion may represent this form, and is characterized by a prominent lingually placed hypocone and an equivalent protostyle symmetrically placed.
The anteroposterior diameters of M, and M; in No. 16186 are 5.7 and 6.0 mm., respectively. The transverse diameters are 4.1 and 3.5 mm.
OXYCLAENUS species
A single upper molar, No. 16217, in the material from the Wagon- road level, is seen to correspond closely to M* in the type of Oxy- claenus simplew and may possibly represent O. pearcei, the species described from the Dragon horizon. The tooth differs from M? of O. simplex only in being slightly narrower transversely and in hav-
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
ing cusps, which appear to be somewhat more acute, although this tooth in the type of O. simplex is rather well worn. The tooth, No. 16217, measures 4.8 mm. anteroposteriorly across the styles and 5.2 mm. transversely.
Oxyclaenid?
An isolated upper molar, possibly M?, No. 15546, in the 1937 col- lection from the Dragon level, may be from an oxyclaenid type of carnivore. The tooth is too large to belong to Owyclaenus pearcet and differs somewhat from the Oxyclaenus type of tooth. Although exhibiting a parastyle, the external angles are not so acute as in either Oxyclaenus or Chriacus. 'The hypocone is more lingual than in Oxyclaenus and a slight protostyle is present at the lingual ex- tremity of the anterior cingulum. The hypocone, however, is not developed as in Chriacus, the cusps in general are more nearly conical, and the cingulum does not extend entirely across the lingual wall of the protocone. Moreover, the protoconule and metaconule are more distinctly separated from the outer cusps than in any of the oxyclaenid material examined.
Some resemblance is seen between this tooth and M? in the con- dylarth Dracoclaenus griphus, with which it corresponds closely in size, but there is no mesostyle, the hypocone is more lingual in posi- tion, there is a slight protostyle, and, as in comparison with the oxyclaenids, the protoconule and metaconule are too widely separated from the paracone and metacone, respectively.
The anteroposterior diameter of the tooth is about 6.2 mm. and the transverse diameter 7.6 mm.
Genus TRICENTES Cope
TRICENTES ELASSUS,® new species
Type.—Upper molar, M1, U.S.N.M. No. 16178.
Horizon and locality—Dragon Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
Specific characters.—A little smaller than T’ricentes subtrigonus. Cusps and outer angles of upper molars somewhat more acute. Cingu- lum does not extend around lingual wall of protocone on M’.
Description —At least three isolated upper molars and a lower molar in the Dragon collection are recognized as belonging to 7’7v- centes. The upper molars are a little smaller than in material referred to Tricentes crassicolidens and about a fifth smaller than in, the type of Tricentes subtrigonus; however, certain specimens from the Tor- rejon are nearly as small as the Dragon form. The outer angles of the upper molars are somewhat more acute, and the cusps in general
§’eXaoowv, small, in allusion to its size.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 23
have a weaker, less inflated appearance. The posterior portion of the external cingulum of M’, Nos. 16178 (fig. 13) and 15783, rises forward on the protocone much as in the Torrejon material of Tricentes, but the inner cingulum does not extend around the pro- tocone as is common, though not invari- able, in Tricentes subtrigonus. In M’, No. 16179 (fig. 13), the cingulum appears to be continuous around the protecone. The enamel is weakly rugose on both M+ and M?, but there is no indication of a mesostyle on the cingulum or between the Ficure 13.—Tricentes elassus, paracone and metacone on these teeth. new species: M? (U.S.N.M.
A maxillary portion with M® and an in- No. 16178), poe pence fon complete M*, No. 16206, may represent ine ieee - Tricentes elassus. The teeth are a little Brasin Dace f smaller than in 7’. subtrigonus but other- wise show no importance differences. The enamel is somewhat more smooth than in the type but the teeth are well worn. The inner por- tion of M? shows a slightly heavier cingulum around the protocone than in the isolated M? described above.
The lower molar, No. 16215, in the collection shows no important differences from material of J7'ricentes subtrigonus except that the paraconid is perhaps a little more lingual in position.
The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the type, M’, are 5.1 and 5.6 mm., respectively.
Genus GONIACODON Cope GONIACODON? species
An upper molar, U.S.N.M. No. 16207, closely resembles Mt in Goniacodon levisanus, equaling in size this tooth in individuals hav- ing somewhat smaller teeth than the average in the known material. The only apparent distinction lies in the extension of the cingulum on the anterior wall of the tooth to a more lingual point than in Goniacodon levisanus. The anteroexternal and posteroexternal styles are broken off so that the direction or extent of these angles cannot be determined. The tooth is not greatly different from M? in Claeno- don procyonoides, but the resemblance between the Utah specimen and M?* in G. levisanus is more striking.
An isolated upper premolar, No. 16208, resembles P* in Goniacodon levisanus so closely that it may well belong to the same form as that represented by the molar. The principal cusp is broken down, but the deuteroconid portion is preserved and corresponds closely to that in G. levisanus, except in being a little more restricted antero- posteriorly. The outer portion of the tooth is somewhat distorted,
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM | VOL, 91
but it appears as if this portion may not have extended so far antero- posteriorly as in G. levisanus.
The anteroposterior diameter of the upper molar, No. 16207, cannot be measured, but the transverse diameter is about 9 mm.
Genus DIDYMICTIS Cope
DIDYMICTIS? species
A fourth lower premolar, U.S.N.M. No. 15763, apparently repre- sents the genus Didymictis. The tooth is only slightly smaller than in Didymictis haydenianus from the Torrejon but does not have the first cuspule posterior to the large cusp so distinctly set off from this primary cusp. The cuspules of the talonid are more nearly in the median line of the tooth than was observed in D. haydenianus. The tooth is distinctly larger than in D. microlestes from the Crazy Mountain locality in the Fort Union of Montana.
An isolated fourth upper premolar may possibly belong to Didy- miciis but is too small to belong to the form represented by the lower tooth. Moreover, the deuterocone portion does not extend forward so markedly as in the Torrejon material of Didymictis, a condition suggestive of Jctidopappus, but the posterior cusp, though prominent, is not developed into so nearly a shearing blade as in either Didymictis or Ictidopappus.
A fragment of the trigonid portion of a lower molar collected during the 1939 season may represent Didymictis, but it adds little or nothing to our information regarding the form occurring in the Dragon.
CONDYLARTHRA
Genus DRACOCLAENUS” Gazin DRACOCLAENUS GRIPHUS " Gazin
Dracoclaenus griphus GAzin, 1939b, p. 281.
The material in the Dragon collection representing Dracoclaenus griphus most closely resembles that of the Torrejon form Protoselene opisthacus but differs from it in several respects. <A relatively large number of specimens, though fragmentary, are referred to this form and four of these are figured (fig. 14).
P* (fig. 14, d) in specimen No. 15705 is larger and more inflated than in P. opisthacus, although there is much variation in P* of material referred to P. opisthacus, such as between Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nos. 16614 and 3285. In size of P* D. griphus approaches Mioclaenus turgidus, but with less reduction of the cingulum and no
£ 10 §paxwy dragon-+claenus. 1 Griphus, an enigma.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 25
“metaconule” such as usually is present in U/. turgidus. The tritocone of P* in Dracoclaenus griphus is almost indistinct from the primary cusp, whereas this tooth in P. opisthacus (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. No. 16614) exhibits a division of the main outer cusp into a promi-
Ficure 14.—Dracoclaenus griphus Gazin: a, M! and M? (U.S.N.M. No. 15789), type specimen, lateral and occlusal views; b, M? and M3? (U.S.N.M. No. 16182), lateral and occlusal views; c, right ramus of mandible with M,; and Mz (U.S.N.M. No. 15773), lateral and occlusal views; d, P4 and part of M! (U.S.N.M. No. 15705), lateral and occlusal views. X 3. Dragon Paleocene, Utah.
nent protocone and a lesser tritocone placed close together. The anteroexternal and posteroexternal styles are more prominent on P* of the Dragon form, and a slightly better developed cingulum, though discontinuous, is indicated on the outer surface.
302662—41——-4
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
The upper molars (type, fig. 14, a), M* and M?, in No. 15789 resemble closely those in Protoselene opisthacus, but the difference in size between these teeth is more noticeable than in the Torrejon form, with M? distinctly larger than in P. opisthacus. The external cingulum is more prominent and more markedly crescentic about both the paracone and metacone. The mesostyle is well developed as in certain specimens of P. opisthacus but more conical and dis- tinctly separated from the crest which extends between the paracone and metacone. In P. opisthacus the mesostyle extends outward as a spur or projection from this crest.
Additional material obtained in 1939 includes several more isolated teeth, but in particular two maxillary portions: No. 16203 with M+ and M? and No. 16182 with M? and M® (fig. 14, 6). The newly ac- quired upper teeth show Dracoclaenus griphus to run somewhat larger than P. opisthacus. The two forms are most nearly alike in M’, but the posterior upper molars show less resemblance. To the greater size of M? is further added a much better development of the parastyle than in P. opisthacus. M®*, not hitherto known, is seen to be more like M? than in P. opisthacus. This tooth is relatively larger than in the Torrejon form and, although approaching a triangular outline, shows a more distinct hypocone and much better developed proto- conule and metaconule.
A somewhat distinctive upper dentition from the Wagon Road Ridge locality, including P*-M?, No. 15703, resembles the type in most characters of the molars but has a weaker hypocone on both molars and a very weak metaconule on M*. The anteroexternal angle of M? extends forward even somewhat more, suggestive of the oxyclaenids, but has the mesostyle, particularly in M’, as in No. 15789. The external cingulum is not so crescentic around the outer cusps, the outer wall being more nearly straight. P* is similar but a little smaller than in Nos. 15705 and 15780. This specimen, No. 15703, may represent a distinct species of Dracoclaenus or may possibly be an oxyclaenid, close in size to Oxyclaenus simplex; however, P* and M’ more closely resemble the Dracoclaenus material.
The lower jaw portion, No. 15778 (fig. 14, ¢), considered by com- parison to represent Dracoclaenus griphus, also resembles material of Protoselene. It corresponds closely in size to P. opisthacus but has the paraconid on M, and M, more internal in position, and in M, it is not placed so low and is less reduced than in P. opisthacus. The talonid basin is apparently not so deep and is narrower between the hypoconid and entoconid. A slight accessory cusp is present on the anterior crest of the entoconid nearly as prominent as in P. opisthacus.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 2
An M;, No. 15752, in the collection, possibly belonging to this: form, does not so closely resemble P. opisthacus. The paraconid, though low, is placed more internal than is usual in the Torrejon form. Moreover, the entoconid is not so simple as usual in P. opis- thacus, exhibiting three small cusps in this position, and the hypoconu- lid is more distinctly separated from the hypoconid.
TABLE 2.—Measurements (in millimeters) of upper and lower teeth of Dracoclaenus griphus
U.S.N.M. No.—
Measurement 15705 15789 (type) 16182 15773
P4 M! | M? M2?
Anteroposterior diameter__...____.___--____-- Dad Transverse diameter id
OXYTOMODON * new genus
Type.—Oxytomodon perissum, new species.
Generic characters—Lower teeth slender with cusps high and distinct. Paraconid on M, and M; lingual in position and close to metaconid. Cingula absent or weakly developed and no crest from paraconid to lingual surface as in Oxyacodon. Hypoconulid less developed. M, unreduced.
y
liz VV \\ en g >> SS 6 of Vial
OXYTOMODON PERISSUM,'* new species
Type—Left M, and M;, U.S.N.M. No. 16183. Horizon and locality—Dragon Paleocene,
Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah. Specific characters—Near Oxyacodon pris- cilla in size. an 2 C
avs : e 15.—Oxyt Description—A jaw fragment, No. 16183 ee a ee ee . se SSUM,
(fig. 15), with M, and M, and three additional aeabe ected Ubearcede specimens, which include only M;, represent in of left ramus of man- the Dragon fauna a hyopsodont condylarth dible with M2 and M3 near Oxyacodon. Oxytomodon perissum is (U.S.N.M. No. 16183), 7 Ox don priscilla in size, but the para- Pe, See oe LYACOGON prescet rae ae pa ‘ and occlusal views, X conid on the lower molars is lingual in position, 4, Dragon Paleocene,
close to the metaconid, and does not exhibit a Utah.
12’o9fbréyos, Sharp + ’odovs, tooth. 13 repisods, UNNECessary or superfluous, in allusion to the considerable variety of small condylarths.
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
crest extending from the paraconid down to a weak inner cingulum around the metaconid as in Oxyacodon. The form resembles Oxya- codon and differs from Ellipsodon in having relatively high, distinct cusps, and M, is unreduced in size. However, the hypoconulid is not so well developed as in the lower molars of Oayacodon, and in M, it is more reduced and less distinctly separated from the entoconid. The teeth are slenderer than in O. priscilla and show no marked cingula on either the lingual or buccal surfaces, except for one of the third molars, No. 15542, which has a slight cingulum on the outer surface.
Litomylus dissentaneus from the Crazy Mountain Fort Union ex- hibits characters close to those seen in Oxytomodon perissum, par- ticularly in the sharpness of the cusps, but the paraconid in the lower molars of Z. dissentaneus is much reduced and median in position.
The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of M, in No. 16183 are 3.5 and 2.7 mm., respectively. The transverse diameter of M; is 2.4 mm.
Genus ELLIPSODON Scott
ELLIPSODON SHEPHERDI"™ Gazin Ellipsodon shepherdi GAzIn, 1939b, p. 283.
Ellipsodon shepherdi is comparatively well represented in the Dragon fauna. The collection now includes about 55 specimens com- prised of isolated teeth and lower jaw and maxillary portions having one or more teeth.
This species, as indicated by the type lower jaw (fig. 16, a), is slightly smaller than Ellipsodon lemuroides, and the molars, M, and M;, are relatively narrower. M,; is reduced to about the same extent as in /. lemuroides, more reduced than in the smaller forms, /. aequidens, EF’. acolytus, and EF. aquilonius, but less reduced than in the Puerco species, /. priscus, and possibly somewhat less reduced than in the genotype, Z. inaeqguidens. The paraconid of the last two lower molars is more distinct in the Dragon form than in any of the previously known species of Ellipsodon, much better developed and more lingually placed than in #. aequidens, but only slightly more prominent than in /. aquilonius. The talonids of M, and M; are more distinctly basined than in Torrejon material referred to E. inaequidens, but less distinctly basined than in /. aguilonius from Montana; also, the talonid on M, is better developed than in the Puerco form £. priscus. Moreover, the talonid of M, in LZ. shepherdi does not exhibit so prominent a hypoconulid as in 2. aequidens, but shows a more distinct entoconid than in Z. inaequidens.
14 Named for Harold Shepherd, in recognition of his field assistance.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 29
Additional lower jaw material of 2’. shepherdi collected in 1939 includes two specimens, No. 16289 and No. 16303, in which Py, is preserved in association with the molars, rendering more certain the reference of several isolated lower premolars to this species. P, is seen to be comparable in size to that in Z. lemuroides but showing a distinct metaconid, a slight paraconid, and two cusps at the posterior margin of the talonid. These are variably developed in the premolars referred to 2’. shepherdi, but more distinct that in £. lemuroides and other species from the San Juan Basin. The meta- conid is better developed than in specimens of the smaller /'. aguilo- nius but not to the extent seen in Litaletes disjunctus, nor is the
Figure 16.—Ellipsodon shepherdi Gazin: a, Portion of right ramus of mandible with M.-M3; (U.S.N.M. No. 15721), type specimen, lateral and occlusal views; ), right maxillary portion with P*M? (U.S.N.M. No. 15790), lateral and occlusal views. XX 3. Dragon Paleocene, Utah.
paraconid of P, so well defined as in Zitaletes. The moderately enlarged P, and the brachydont condition of the teeth, combined with the reduced size of M;, indicate a closer relationship to certain of the species regarded as Hllipsodon than to Litaletes disjunctus.
The upper teeth, P* to M? in the maxilla, No. 15790 (fig. 16, 5), referred to Ellipsodon shepherdi are relatively smaller than in the type lower jaw and approach somewhat closer to /. acolytus than to #. lemuroides in size; however, this difference within the Dragon material may not be greater than can be accounted for by individual variation.
P* shows a cusp in the position that would be occupied by the metaconule in the molars. This is absent in the somewhat smaller P* of the Puerco form, #. priscus, but was observed in certain specimens of the later material. P* is noticeably larger than in /. aequidens, and M* and M? are relatively longer.
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
An Ms, if properly referred, indicates this tooth to be more reduced than in /#. lemuroides and much more reduced than in Z. acolytus, FE. aequidens, and FH’. aquilonius.
The upper cheek teeth do not closely resemble those in the genotype, FE. inaequidens. The upper teeth in the latter exhibit smooth crests running to the protocone and weak or undeveloped cingula.
TABLE 3.—Measurements (in millimeters) of upper teeth (U.S.N.M. No. 15790) and lower teeth (U.S.N.M. No. 15721) of Ellipsodon shepherdi
Measurement P4 Mi! M2 Ma M3
FATITELODOSLOLIOM CLAM CLO nee see tee ee ae Se re ait 3.9 3.6 4.4 3.8 *Dransverse! GiamMeten sashes ae serosa eee See ye eee eee e 4.5 4.9 15.8 4 2.9
1 Greatest transverse diameter. ELLIPSODON? STERNBERGI* Gazin
Ellipsodon? sternbergi Gazin, 1939b, p. 284.
A species nearly intermediate in size between Hilipsodon lemur- cides and Mioclaenus turgidus is represented by several fragmentary specimens from the Dragon horizon, including a jaw portion, No. 15755, with M, and a part of M,, which was made the type of Hllip- sodon sternbergi (fig. 17). Mz, is much larger and broader than in other species of H7lipsodon,; how- ever, it apparently shows no cren- ulation of the crest around the posterointernal margin of the talo- nid as seen in many, though not all, of the lower dentitions of HM. turgidus. M, is a little larger than in Lllipsodon shepherdi and somewhat more rounded, being nearly oval in shape. The paraco- Ficure 17.—Ellipsodon sternbergi Gazin: nid is lacking on Ma, with only a
Portion of right ramus of mandible with low crest extending across the
Mz and part of M, (U.S.N.M. No. :
ASTER) Nts oe apeGa a ierasatibaa cece! front of the tooth, connecting the
sal views, X 3, Dragon Paleocene, Utah. PYrotoconid and metaconid. Though
reduced, the paraconid is present in all specimens of Afioclaenus turgidus in which M, was observed.
Among the specimens referred to 2. sternbergi is a jaw portion, No. 16339, having both M, and M, preserved. M, is but little larger
© Named for George F. Sternberg, in recognition of his field assistance.
GAZIN 31
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAE:
than the corresponding tooth in 2. shepherdi and closely resembles it in form. M, is considerably larger than /. shepherdi and 1s further characterized by having the talonid basin more restricted anteroposteriorly than was noted in other species. The paraconid is present on M,, though not markedly developed. This cusp seems even less developed on M, in another referred specimen, No. 15769, in which only this tooth is preserved.
A few upper teeth may be referred questionably to this species, but these closely resemble upper teeth in /’. shepherdi except for a somewhat greater transverse diameter and a more prominent proto- cone. The protocone, however, is not so broad as in M? of Jepsenia mantiensis. The reduced extent of the talonid basin of M. in Z. sternbergi is opposed to the enlargement of the protocone in M? of J. mantiensis, although both of these teeth are large relative to other teeth in the series.
There is no certainty that this form represents the genus /J/ipso- don, particularly since the premolars are not known. It is possible that a small species of Mioclaenus is represented. Moreover, the distinctions between EZ’. sternbergi and Jepsenia mantiensis are not entirely satisfactory, being based for the most part on inference.
The transverse diameter of the second lower molar in the type is about 5 mm. The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the third lower molar are 4.4 and 3.3 mm., respectively.
ELLIPSODON? species (a)
A lower jaw, U.S.N.M. No. 15781, from the Dragon horizon is unusual in that the two teeth preserved, M, and M,, have rather blunt cusps, a flattened talonid, and a relatively undepressed area between the three cusps of the moderately elevated trigonid. It resembles somewhat specimens from the Torrejon that have been referred to Hilipsodon inaequidens but with the paraconid more distinctly set off, although this cusp is subdued as are the other cusps of the teeth. This may represent an unusual condition in E’. shepherdi but probably represents a distinct form whose affinities
are uncertain. ELLIPSODON? species (b)
A small hyopsodont is represented in the Wagonroad horizon by a portion of an upper molar, a second lower molar, and two third lower molars. The upper molar portion, No. 16282, is larger than in Ellipsodon shepherdi and has a relatively more expanded protocone portion, somewhat as in Jepsenia mantiensis but with no evidence of a hypocone or protostyle although the tooth is noticeably worn. M2, No. 16284, is almost identical in size with this tooth in the type of #. shepherdi but differs from it somewhat in that the tri-
SZ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
gonid portion appears slightly less inflated anteroposteriorly, per- mitting a somewhat longer talonid basin, suggestive of Litaletes disjunctus but with less acute cusps. M, also resembles that in Dragon material referred to Jepsenia mantiensis but is distinctly narrower and with somewhat better defined cusps on the crest of the talonid. The third molars, Nos. 16283 and 16285, which may also belong to the same type of condylarth, are reduced in size with respect to the second molar described above but not to the extent shown in £. shepherdi. The talonid basin is more excavated than in £’. shepherdi and the hypoconulid is better defined, approach- ing the condition seen in Lztaletes, quite opposed to the reduction seen in Hllipsodon priscus. Ms, is appreciably smaller and lower crowned than in Litaletes disjunctus, and the entoconid is not dis- tinct as it is in the Crazy Mountain form.
The Wagonroad form, if all the above material can be regarded as representing the same type, appears to be a hyopsodont close to or within the genus Hllipsodon, but clearly distinct from the Dragon EL. shepherdi and the nearly contemporaneous /. priscus from the Puerco.
The second lower molar, No. 16284, has an anteroposterior diameter of 4.6 mm. and a transverse diameter of 3.9 mm. M,, No. 16285, is 4.2 and 3.0 mm., respectively.
Genus JEPSENIA * Gazin JEPSENIA MANTIENSIS ” Gazin Jepsenia mantiensis GAZIN, 1939b, p. 285.
Jepsenia mantiensis, from the Dragon horizon, makes the closest approach to Litaletes disjunctus of the various hyopsodont condyl- arths with which comparisons have been made. The upper molar series designated as the type, No. 15747 (fig. 18), is only slightly more robust than in the Montana form. Mt? has about the relative propor- tions of that in Z. disjunctus and shows a distinct hypocone about as in that form. However, the lingual portion of M? is more ex- panded anteroposteriorly, and the hypocone on this tooth is weaker and represented only by the abrupt termination lingually of the posterior cingulum. Also, the midportion of the posterior cmgulum on both M? and M? is not deflected upward toward the root portion of the teeth so much as in LZ. disjunctus. The cusps in the upper molars have a more nearly conical appearance, especially the pro- toconule and metaconule. Moreover, the protoconule and metaconule are distinctly better developed. A parastyle and mesostyle are pres- ent, more noticeable in M?, although the cingulum is not so extended
16 Named for Dr. Glenn L. Jepsen. 17 Named for the Manti National Forest.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 33
at the anteroexternal portion of the molars. M*® is relatively smaller than in LZ. disjunctus and the metacone, though distinct, is not so well developed, and the cingulum is less prominent and is discon- tinuous around the lingual and buccal surfaces of the tooth.
An M? with material numbered 15544 shows more acute antero- external and posteroexternal styles, no mesostyle, a lower protocone than in LZ. disjunctus, protoconule and metaconule relatively weak as in LZ, disjunctus, but the hypocone is much more lingual in position and is nearly matched by a protostyle on the anterolingual portion of the tooth, with the cingulum almost but not quite contin- uous around the inner margin of the pro- tocone. Mt? in this material, though lack- ing a mesostyle, corresponds closely to that in the type of Jepsenia mantiensis. It is possible that the two molars, which were found close together, belong to the same individual and may represent a type dis- tinct from the foregoing.
Several isolated jaw fragments with single molars, one with M, and part of M,, and several with portions or all of M, Ficure 18.—Jepsenia mantiensts and M;, are presumed to represent Jep- Snes eae por senia mantiensis. The lower teeth in gen- Ra bs re ae se
ae rete : oO. ), type specimen, eral show a distinct paraconid in a lin- faite ral anioccluealenew sco: gual position and a basined talonid with Dragon Paleocene, Utah. a strong hypoconid, a moderate entoconid, and a weak hypoconulid which is the dorsal termination of a slight pos- terior cingulum rising from the posteroexternal portion of the tooth. The trigonid portion is not greatly different from that in Z. disjunctus, but with less acute cusps. The entoconid on the heel of M, and of M, is less developed, and the small cuspule anterior to the entoconid is less evident than in Litaletes. Mz, is about the size of that in Ellipsodon? sternbergi but is narrower and shows a distinct para- conid, not, however, so distinct as in ZL. shepherdi. M, in E£.? stern- bergi is distinctly wider than in the material referred to Jepsenia mantiensis but the talonid basin is relatively smaller.
TABLE 4.—Measurements (in millimeters) of upper teeth of Jepsenia mantiensis
Measurement M! M23 M3 AT CCT ODOSLOFIO“ GIAIIGLen hen een dn. 2 se Pe 4.5 4.4 3 PETADSVOISe CIAIMOLOR Sao eee ee ee ee he ie et 5.4 6.4 14.6
1 Greatest transverse diameter.
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
DESMATOCLAENUS,® new genus
Perhaps one of the most interesting discoveries made by the 1939 expedition is the finding in both the Dragon and Wagonroad levels of a new J'etraclaenodon-like form which nearly bridges the gap between Z'etraclaenodon and forms of Protogonodon. Desmato- claenus is so nearly intermediate that its assignment to the condy- larths rather than to the creodonts is entirely arbitrary.
Type.—Desmatoclaenus hermaeus, new species.
Generic characters——P* with prominent deuterocone and no indi- cation of tritocone. P* intermediate between Protogonodon and Tet- raclaenodon. Anteroexternal portion of M? projects outward more than in Protogonodon. External cingulum discontinuous across par- acone in M* and M?, and there is no mesostyle between the outer cusps of these teeth. Hypocone, protoconule, and metaconule less developed than in Tetraclaenodon. Hypocone not so lingual in po- sition as in Protogonodon. M® relatively small with prominent cin- gulum about protocone and without evidence of a hypocone. P, nearly as in Tertaclaenodon but relatively small. Lower molars with lingually placed paraconid much better defined than in Tetraclae- nodon, and talonid basin not so broad as in Protogonodon. M,; with cuspidate entoconid-hypoconulid crest.
DESMATOCLAENUS HERMAEUS ” new species
Type.—Greater portion of upper and lower dentition, U.S.N.M. No. 16202.
Horizon and locality—Wagonroad Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
Specific characters—Size near Protogonodon protogonioides, shghtly smaller than Tetraclaenodon puercensis.
Description—The specimen comprising the best material is an assortment of 14 more or less complete upper and lower teeth, clearly from one individual, No. 16202 (fig. 19), found in the Wagonroad horizon. The inclusion in the material of upper and lower premo- lars was extremely fortunate in that the approach to T'etraclaenodon is more distinctly shown.
P’, though incomplete anteriorly, is much like that in Tetraclae- nodon, with the principal cusp somewhat flattened transversely and exhibiting a sloping posterior crest but with no indication of a tritocone—the principal cusp is higher and more conical in Proteg- onodon. The deuterocone, a distinct cuspule almost as well devel- oped as in Tertaclaenodon, is placed somewhat farther forward than in this form, about in the position occupied by a suggestion of a
18 dégua, a chain or link + claenus. 19*épuaiov, a lucky find.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 35
deuterocone in P* of Protogonodon. The posterointernal cingulum is better developed than in Protogonodon, but not so shelflike as in Tetraclaenodon.
P* is somewhat more worn but shows the principal cusp to be slightly less conical than in Protogonodon with a more distinct pos- terior crest. The presence or absence of a tritocone cannot be deter- mined because of wear, but if present it was not developed to the extent seen in Tetraclaenodon. The deuterocone portion is restricted anteroposteriorly more than in J'eéraclaenodon, approaching Pro- togonodon, but a cingulum not seen in Protogonodon is developed along the anterior and posterior walls of this cusp, separate from the shelf or crest joining the deuterocone to the outer extremities of the tooth. The cimgulum and shelf are not developed to the extent seen in Tetraclaenodon, nor is there certain evidence of a protoconule or metaconule on the crest; however, wear may have obliterated an incipient development of these. The parastyle, as in Tetraclaenodon, is directed more externally than in Protogonodon.
Figure 19.—Desmatoclaenus hermaeus, new genus and species: Left upper dentition, including P’, P4, M2, M3, and right lower dentition, including P3-M,, Mz, and part of Mg U.S.N.M. No. 16202), type specimen, occlusal views, X 2, Wagonroad Paleocene, Utah.
M’ is not preserved in the material of this individual but is included in a maxilla of another and larger specimen, which pre- sumably represents a distinct species and is described elsewhere. .
M? is rather well worn but was evidently low cusped and had a weak hypocone as compared with this tooth in Protogonodon and in contrast to the marked development of the cusp in Zetraclaenodon. However, this cusp is located directly posterior to the protocone as in Tetraclaenodon, occupying a position in the flexure between the protocone and metaconule, and not so lingual in position as noted in Protogonodon. The protoconule and metaconule appear to be less developed relative to the primary cusps than in Tetraclae- modon, in which the six principal cusps approach equality. In Protogonodon the protocone is more prominent and somewhat over-
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
shadows the protoconule and metaconule. The anterior portion of the tooth is relatively wide and projects outward somewhat as in Tetraclaenodon and shows a prominent parastyle. The external cingulum is much weaker than in Protogonodon and is peculiar in being discontinuous across the postero-external portion of the para- cone; however, there is no mesostyle such as observed in TJ'etraclae- nodon and the cingulum is perhaps a little better developed postero- external to the metacone than in Tetraclaenodon.
MS is relatively small as in 7'etraclaenodon, more reduced than in Protogonodon, but the cingulum is continuous around the inner wall of the protocone as in the latter and there appears to be little or no evidence of a distinct hypocone.
The lower teeth of the type are from both rami and between them include a representation of the series from P; to Ms. Although rather well worn, many characters can be ascertained showing, as with the upper dentition, the structural position that this form holds between Protogonodon and Tetraclaenodon.
P;, though incomplete posteriorly, is seen to be small and narrow, comparable in this respect to Protogonodon, but with a more gently sloping posterior crest.
P,, though slender and relatively small, shows a marked resem- blance to Z'etraclaenodon. The parastylid is high, prominent, and deflected inward from the anterior crest of the protoconid about as in Tetraclaenodon. The tooth is well worn, but from the outline of the occluding surface there is little doubt that a pronounced metaconid was present. The heel structure is nearly as in 7Jetra- claenodon but with less anteroposterior extent and a less distinct entoconid.
M, is too worn to show any important characters but as in the succeeding tooth shows the talonid to be less widely basined than in Protogonodon.
In M, the trigonid portion exhibits a more prominent paraconid than in Zetraclaenodon, which is perhaps not so close to the meta- conid, but as in the latter it is distinctly lingual in position and is joined by an arcuate crest to the anterior slope of the protoconid, forming a somewhat more distinct but anteroposteriorly restricted trigonid basin than in Protogonodon pentacus.
M; is relatively small as in Tetraclaenodon but with a much better developed paraconid. The trigonid is anteroposteriorly shortened and the paraconid more lingual in position than in Protogonodon. The talonid basin is relatively simple, with the entoconid and hy- poconulid not actually distinct but forming a slightly cuspate crest.
Remarks.—The intermediate position of Desmatoclaenus between Protogonodon and Tetraclaenodon suggests that Tetraclaenodon may
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN Bi
have arisen from Protogonodon through Desmatoclaenus. This may well be the case but the larger known forms such as P. pentacus or even P. stenognathus are probably not in the line. It is conceivable that a small form such as P. protogonioides, whose teeth are closer to Desmatoclaenus than are those of P. pentacus (especially P*), may have given rise to Desmatoclaenus, assuming a somewhat earlier stage for the Puerco of the San Juan Basin.
Taste 5.—Measurements (in millimeters) of upper and lower teeth of Desmatoclaenus hermaeus (U.S. N. M. No. 16202)
Measurement Pi|M?2!|M3| P3 Pi!|]Mi|/Maj]Ms Anteroposterior diameter ==" 2.2 22-52--28 522-22 _ |e el Bhat Os in] a ses 7.1 7A | ceeeaee 8.5 MTAnS Verse Gualn Olek - sesso a2a2 2 eee es eee GSO TAS On) USA hazed ASS GN Be|) Te 7 5.8
1 Greatest transverse diameter. DESMATOCLAENUS PARACREODUS,°° new species
Type.—Right maxillary portion, U.S.N.M. No. 16201, with M'*-M:®.
Horizon and locality—Wagonroad Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
Specific characters —Larger than Desmatoclaenus hermaeus. Lin- gual portion of upper molars more inflated. M® relatively larger. Hypocone better developed.
Description.—A second and somewhat larger species is indicated by material apparently from both the Wagonroad and Dragon hori. zons. The specimen selected as the type, No. 16201 (fig. 20, a), was obtained from the Wagonroad level and includes M! to M*. The teeth are much like those in Desmatoclaenus hermaeus in most char- acters of the molars, but the lingual portions of these teeth have a more inflated appearance and M® is relatively larger. Although slightly damaged at the posterointernal angle, M* shows better evi- dence for a hypocone than in D. hermacus. The upper molars make an approach toward the conditions seen in Protogonodon stenog- nathus, but the differences, as in D. hermaeus, are in the direction of Tetraclaenodon.
A maxillary portion, No. 16177 (fig. 20, 6), with M? and M? from the Dragon horizon corresponds closely to the type of D. paracreodus, but the teeth being less worn show characters not seen in the type. The external cingulum is weaker than in Protogonodon, and, as in the types of D. hermaeus and D. paracreodus, the cingulum is inter- rupted along the posteroexternal portion of the paracone in M2, and the anteroexternal portion of both teeth projects outward promi-
20 rapa, near + xpéas, flesh + ’odots, tooth, in allusion to its resemblance to the carnivore Protogonodon.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
nently. This portion of M? is slightly damaged, but the anterior cingulum becomes weil developed laterally, suggesting a conspicuous parastyle as in Z’etraclaenodon. The cusps are all low and conical in M? and the lingual portion, as in the type, is somewhat inflated anteroposteriorly, with no cingulum around the inner portion. The hypocone is weak and situated posterior to the protocone. In the early stage of wear represented by this specimen the protocone is seen to be divided, with a slight cuspule immediately adjacent and posterior to the principal cusp. This may have been the case in M? of the type of D. hermaeus, as indicated by the outline of the worn surface of occlusion.
HIN
ce ii ey
Ficure 20.—Desmatoclaenus paracreodus, new species: a, M!-M3 (U.S.N.M. No. 16201) type specimen, occlusal view; 6, M?-M? (U.S.N.M. No. 16177), occlusal view; c, lower molar (U.S.N.M. No. 16196), lateral and occlusal views; d, lower molar (U.S.N.M. No. 16194), lateral and occlusal views. 2. a, c, d, Wagonroad Paleocene, Utah; b, Dragon Paleocene, Utah.
M? of the Dragon specimen is somewhat distorted, but the cingulum is better developed than in M?. The outer cusps are perhaps more compressed anteroposteriorly and the protocone seems relatively prom- inent. On both molars the enamel is relatively smooth, except for a noticeable rugosity around the lingual wall of the protocone near its peak.
Several isolated lower molars, including No. 16194 (fig. 20, @) and No. 16196 (fig. 20, ¢), from the Wagonroad level are referred to this species, being comparable to those of D. hermaeus in structure
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 39
but are appreciably larger, even than in 7’etraclaenodon, being about the size of those in Protogonodon stenognathus. The trigonids of these teeth show the paraconids to be entirely lingual in position, as in Zetraclaenodon, but better developed and perhaps not so close to the metaconid. The paraconid is more lingual and not so far forward as in Protogonodon material, and the crest from the paraconid to the anterior wall of the protoconid is higher, closing the trigonid basin anteriorly. Moreover, the talonid portion of the lower molars is relatively narrower than in Protogonodon pentacus with the basin restricted transversely, being more nearly comparable to the form of the talonid in the first two lower molars of Yetraclaenodon. A relatively narrow talonid was noted in the lower molars of the large Protogonodon kimbetovius.
A jaw portion with M,, No. 16218, and an isolated portion of a lower molar in the collections from the Dragon level are considered to belong to D. paracreodus. These closely resemble the lower teeth from the Wagonroad level referred to D. paracreodus.
TABLE 6.—Measurements (in millimeters) of upper teeth of Desmatoclaenus paracreodus (U. 8S. N. M. No. 16201)
Measurement | M! | M? | M3 eee aa ATTHOLODOSLOFION GIANG (Obs cern: =) 2 ee keene ee eRe 2 ae a ee 8.4 8.1 6. 2 MEALS VEESCLIAIIOLED eee See aoe. | sees DOR eee oe ee ee 10.5 12 19.9
! Greatest transverse diameter.
Genus ECTOCONUS Cope ECTOCONUS SYMBOLUS,” new species
Type.—Right maxillary portion, U.S.N.M. No. 16189, with M1’, M?, and part of P*.
Horizon and locality——-Wagonroad Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
Specific characters —Molars smaller than in E’ctoconus ditrigonus. Premolars relatively larger. No “protoconule” on Pt. Protostyle on upper molars weak. Parastyle on M? weak. Parastylid absent or weakly developed on lower molars.
Description.—Several specimens from the Wagonroad horizon, in- cluding maxillae and jaws with two teeth each, are found to represent a new species of Ectoconus. The molar teeth are seen to be dis- tinctly smaller than in #. ditrigonus, hence much smaller than in EL. majusculus. The premolars, however, are relatively larger and the anterior lower premolars, as indicated in referred specimens, are actually larger than in Z. ditrigonus.
*1 ¢bpBodor, clue, in allusion to its importance in determining the age of the Wagonroad horizon.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
The upper molars, No. 16189 (fig. 21, ), of which only M* and M? are known, closely resemble those in #. ditrigonus in structural de- tails, but with perhaps a somewhat weaker protostyle. ‘The postero- external portion of M‘ shows the cuspate condition characterizing upper molars in Y'ctoconus. The mesostyle, metastyle, and the large cusp external to the metacone are developed to about the same extent as in LZ. ditrigonus ; however, the parastyle on M? appears weaker than in E.. ditrigonus. P*, No. 16188 (fig. 21, ¢), is of about the same width, or perhaps slightly wider transversely than M’, and differs from that
Ficure 21.—Ectoconus symbolus, new species: a, Portion of left ramus of mandible with M.-M; (U.S.N.M. No. 16190), lateral and occlusal views; b, M! and portions of P4 and M? (U.S.N.M. No. 16189), type specimen, occlusal view; c, P4-M! (U.S.N.M. No. 16188), occlusal view. XX 1%. Wagonroad Paleocene, Utah.
in #. ditrigonus in the absence of an accessory cusp anteroexternal to the deuterocone, in about the position occupied by the protoconule in the molars.
The lower jaw material consists of three specimens which together give a representation of the dentition from P, to M;, except for M,. The premolars are relatively large, particularly P., No. 16213, but become relatively narrower posteriorly than in #. ditrigonus. The molars, No. 16190 (fig. 21, a), are smaller and relatively narrower than in £2. ditrigonus, and there is but the slightest suggestion of a second paraconid or parastylid; however, the presence of this cuspule is not invariable in /’. ditrigonus. M, and M; in Hctoconus symbolus are otherwise similar to those in /. ditrigonus in having low blunt cusps and a heavy external cingulum.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 41
TasLe 7.—Measurements (in millimeters) of upper and lower teeth of Ectoconus symbolus
| U.S.N.M. No.— Measurement 16188 16189 (type) 16190
wAmteronosterion diameter -2-0--==22.---..--2hsbanaces 6.8 8.4 8.1 18.7 9.6 10.6 Transversprainmeters 5-2". 0) te te 110 10.0 10.5 | 112.5 8.8 8.2
1 Approximate.
Tt on Yh, SSE 20, A ee 35
iri io
Th ( \ call TIM WAN
Ficure 22—Carsioptychus hamaxitus, new species: a, Maxillary portion with two premolars (U.S.N.M. No. 16198), lateral and occlusal views; b, left maxillary portion with M! and M? (U.S.N.M. No. 16197), type specimen, lateral and occlusal views; c, portion of left
ramus of mandible with M2 and Ms; (U.S.N.M. No. 16195), lateral and occlusal views 1%. Wagonroad Paleocene, Utah.
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
Genus CARSIOPTYCHUS Simpson
CARSIOPTYCHUS HAMAXITUS,~ new species
Type.—Left maxillary portion, U.S.N.M. No. 16197, with M' and M?.
Horizon and locality—Wagonroad Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
Specijfie characters —Teeth smaller than in Carsioptychus coarcta- tus. Premolars slightly smaller with respect to molars than in C. coarctatus and upper teeth relatively a little narrower transversely than in the Puerco form. Lower premolars with slightly better developed anterior stylid.
Description.—Several specimens, including upper and lower teeth, from the Wagonroad level represent a small species of Carsioptychua. Though the teeth are small as compared to those in Carsioptychus coarctatus, the form is slightly more progressive toward Periptychus than is the Puerco species, but not so advanced as Periptychus gil- more? from the Dragon. The premolars are relatively smaller than in C. coarctatus and the upper molars, No. 16197 (fig. 22, 6), and pre- molars, No. 16198 (fig. 22, a), are relatively narrower transversely. Moreover, the lower premolars show a slightly more advanced stage in the development of an anterior stylid. The lower molars (fig. 22, ¢) appear to be developed much as in @. coarctatus, and as in that species show no evidence of the seventh cuspule, near the center of the tooth, characterizing Periptychus carinidens, but seen only on Mz; of P. gilmoret.
Tasty 8.—Measurements (in millimeters) of upper and lower teeth of Carsioptychus hamaxitus
U.S.N.M. No.— Measurement 16198 | 16197 (type) 16195 | P3? | Pi? Mi! M2 Ma M; ANITOFiON CIAMeter 223. keer: Paar RL ata AE ee del eel 10.8 17.8 8.2 8.0 9.5
Mransverse: diameters a= eee seek ee ae 11.8 | 13: 5 11.4 11.8 17.8 Tee
|
1 Approximate. 2 The transverse diameter of the upper teeth is taken from the external cingulum to the base of the ename lingually and at right angles to the direction of the tooth row.
22 quatiros,ecarriage road or wagon road, from the name of the horizon in which it was found and the name of the ridge, at the lower end of which the locality occurs.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 43
Genus PERIPTYCHUS Cope
PERIPTYCHUS GILMOREI *° Gazin Periptychus gilmorei GAzIN, 1988, p. 275.
The large periptychid, P. gilmorei, in the Dragon fauna is rather well represented in the collection, the best specimen being the type, No. 15537, and including portions of right and left maxillae with 14 teeth in all (fig. 23). Specimen No. 16228, obtained in 1939, includes portions of both maxillae with P*-M* and a portion of the left ramus of the mandible with P.—M;, the lower teeth being partially embedded in barite. The lower dentition is best represented in speci- men No. 15689 (fig. 24), which includes portions of right and left rami, exhibiting M,-M; and P,-M,, respectively.
Ficure 23.—Periptychus gilmoreit Gazin: Right upper dentition including P?-M3 (U.S.N.M. No. 15537), type specimen, lateral and occlusal views, X 114, Dragon Paleocene, Utah.
Periptychus gilmorei is intermediate between Carsioptychus coare- tatus from the Puerco and Periptychus carinidens from the Torrejon in almost all characters of the upper dentition. The teeth are relatively wide transversely as compared with their length, and the premolars are only slightly larger than the molars. The premolars show the inner crescent developed almost as much as in Periptychus carinidens, but the deuterocone portion is more constricted antero- posteriorly, although not so much as in Carsioptychus coarctatus. Moreover, P* is much more like that in Periptychus than the simple condition observed in several specimens of Carsioptychus.
The molar teeth show a distinct resemblance to those in Carsiop- tychus, and in addition to their being relatively wide transversely they show a more distinct external cingulum than in Periptychus.
% Named for C. W. Gilmore, whose party discovered the first Dragon Canyon locality.
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
The hypocone and protostyle have a somewhat more lingual position, and the lingual walls of the molars (and premolars as well) appear to be more gently sloping than in Periptychus. The cusps and cuspules are somewhat less widely spaced than in P. carinidens, par- ticularly the protoconule and metaconule, which are located very close to the protocone.
De
Ro [iN i a Ceo
Ficure 24.—Periptychus gilmorei Gazin: Left ramus of mandible, PygM3 (U.S.N.M. No. 15689) (M3; and posterior portion of jaw fragment restored from right ramus), lateral and occlusal views, X 1%, Dragon Paleocene, Utah.
An additional feature seen in the type of Periptychus gilmorei, but probably of no importance, as it was not observed in No. 16226, is the very slight development of a “protostyle” and “hypocone” on P*. This was not observed in any of the Puerco or Torrejon material. Also, the third molar, on the right side only, is peculiar in that the lingual wall exhibits a cuspule median to the protocone, between the protostyle and hypocone.
The lower teeth of Periptychus gilmorei, as represented by speci- men No. 15689, are also nearly intermediate in most respects between Carsioptychus coarctatus and Periptychus carinidens. The protoconid of P, is not directed posteriorly so markedly as in C’. coarctatus, and a small anterointernal cusp is present, this being prominent in P. carini- dens but usually absent in C. coarctatus. On the posterointernal por- tion of the tooth there is a small cusp; the talonid, however, is not developed so much as in P. carinidens. The extent to which a meta-
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN AD5
conid has become distinct from the protoconid cannot be exactly determined, owing to wear, but it is clearly not separated to the ex- tent seen in P. carinidens.
The lower molars are wider than in the Carsioptychus material at. hand but not so wide as is common in Torrejon material of Peripty- chus. These teeth show a slight cingulum around the external side, which was not observed in material of the other forms. The small seventh cusp located about in the center of the crown of the lower molars of Periptychus carinidens is not present in the first two molars of P. gilmorei but is weakly developed in M;. This cusp is not known in Carsioptychus.
Taste 9.—Measurements (in millimeters) of upper teeth (U.S.N.M. No. 15587, type) and lower teeth (U.S.N.M. No. 15689) of Periptychus gilmorei
Measurement p2 Ps Pt M! | M? | M3 Pi Mi | M2 | M3; Anteroposterior diameter________-__-__- PU 6)) 11.7 | 10.5.1), 920) 9851} 838) |-11 10.3 | 10 11.5 Transverse diameter !1___.______._-_.-_- 12.7 | 14.6 | 14.0 | 14.2 | 141 | 111 9.6 8.7 9.7 9
1 The transverse diameter of the upper teeth is taken from the external cingulum to the base of the enamel lingually and at right angles to the direction of tooth row.
Genus ANISONCHUS Cope ANISONCHUS DRACUS™ Gazin
Anisonchus dracus GAzIN, 1939b, p. 278.
The larger of the two species of Anisonchus is represented in the Dragon collection by three maxillary portions with one to four teeth apiece and five lower jaw fragments with one or two molars each. The type, No. 15745, is a maxillary fragment with P* to M® preserved (fig. 25).
The upper teeth in No. 15745 are clearly of an Anisonchus type and are intermediate in observed characters between A. gillianus and A. sectorius of the Puerco and Torrejon, respectively; com- parable in this respect to Periptychus gilmorei in its relationship to the two developmental stages occurring in the San Juan Basin, noticeably in the relation of the length to the width of the tooth crowns.
The Dragon form approaches A. sectorius in size but retains rela- tively wider teeth transversely, and longitudinally a little shorter, and the cusp pattern is not so restricted transversely. The upper teeth appear also to have a longer, more gradually sloping lingual wall, with a somewhat more lingually placed hypocone column. The
4 dpaxwy, dragon, from Dragon Canyon.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
lingual portion of P* seems more constricted anteroposteriorly and apparently has a less conspicuously developed lingual crescent.
A, gillianus has teeth relatively wide transversely, the length of the tooth row shorter, and the hypocone is placed more lingually with respect to the metacone, and to a certain extent with respect to the protocone, than in A. sectorius,
The lower jaw fragments exhibit teeth comparable in size to those in A. sectorius and show no significant differ- ences from them, nor are dif- ferences evident in the pre- served material which would serve to clearly distinguish the Dragon form from A. gillianus. However, the crest connecting the hypoconid to the trigonid appears distinctly lower than that connecting the entoconid to the metaconid. This condition was noted in Ficure 25.—Anisonchus dracus Gazin: Left gn M,.of A: gillianus but not
maxillary portion with P4-M3 (U.S.N.M. in other specimens of either
No, 15745), type specimen, lateral and occlusal pre 7 ple
views, X 3. Dragon Paleocene, Utah. Be eC eae Ore:
Moreover, the hypoconulid does not project backward in the molars referred to Anisonchus dracus quite so far as in M, of A. sectorius, a condition approxi- mated in M, of A. gillianus, though possibly of doubtful significance.
Taste 10.—MVeasurements (in millimeters) of upper teeth (U.S.N.M. No. 15745, type) and lower teeth (U.S.N.M. No. 16249) of Anisonchus dracus
Measurement Ps M! M? M3 Mi Me FATILELODOSLELIODO Ameer aie ee ee eee 5? 4.4? 4.8 4? 5.2 5.2 Mransverse: Gliameter. sate Soeein: we ee ee eee ee Cee ee 6. 6? Tulse ere: 3.6 3.9
ANISONCHUS ONOSTUS * Gazin Anisonchus onostus GaziIn, 1939b, p. 280.
The smaller of the two species of Anisonchus in the Dragon fauna is represented by the type, No. 15788 (fig. 26), which is a lower jaw portion with M, and M., and to the species is tentatively referred an upper premolar and a lower jaw fragment with the teeth P,, M,, and part of M, much worn.
2 Onostus, despicable, in allusion to its size.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS: OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 47
Anisonchus onostus is distinctly smaller than A. dracus, being very near the Puerco form, A. gillianus, in size but with the cusps on the talonid of both M, and M, slightly more widely spaced, though having the cut characterizing the anisonchines. This spacing of
the cusps gives the teeth a wider appearance, whereas actually they are a trifle narrower than those in several specimens of A. gillianus with which comparisons were made. The teeth also appear somewhat lower crowned than those of A. gillianus exhibiting about the same wear.
The anteroposterior diameters of the first and second lower molars are 4.3 and 4.1 mm., respectively. The transverse diameters are 2.9 and 3.2 mm.
ANISONCHUS OLIGISTUS,* new species
Type—tLeft maxillary portion with M* and M? associated portion of left ramus of mandible with M, and M., U.S.N.M. No. 16192.
Ficure 26.—Anisonchus onostus Gazin: Portion of left ramus of mandible with M,-M2 (U.S.N.M. No. 15788), type specimen, lateral and occlusal views, X 3, Dragon Paleocene, Utah.
Horizon and locality—Wagonroad Paleocene, Dragon Canyon,
Emery County, Utah.
Figure 27.—Anisonchus oligistus, new species: Left maxillary portion with M!-M?; portion of left ramus of mandible with M;—Mg2 (U.S.N.M. No. 16192), type specimen, lateral and occlusal views, X 3, Wagonroad Paleocene, Utah.
Specific characters—Upper and lower molars smaller than in Anisonchus gillianus and relatively narrower transversely. Upper
2f’odiyoTos, least, in allusion to size of teeth.
4S PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
molars more nearly triangular in occlusal view. Talonid basin of lower molars slightly less constricted anteriorly.
Description—Anisonchus is represented in the Wagonroad collec- tion by a maxillary portion and a lower jaw fragment found to- gether and both having the first two molars preserved, U.S.N.M. No. 16192 (fig. 27), which has been made the type of Anisonchus oligistus. Six other specimens are referred to this species. These include two maxillary fragments, with M?—M* and P*-M? somewhat damaged, two lower jaw fragments each with the greater portions of two molars, and two isolated premolars.
Anisonchus oligistus is apparently the smallest species known of this genus, having both upper and lower molar teeth a little smaller and relatively narrower transversely than in material of A. gillianus from the Puerco. The lower teeth are also smaller and more slender than in the type of Anisonchus onostus from the Dragon level.
The upper molars appear for the most part very much like those in other species of Anisonchus, but are somewhat more nearly trian- gular in outline, as viewed from below, with the lingual portion a little more constricted anteroposteriorly and the hypocone column distinctly lingual, though not so markedly lingual as in Haploconus. The anterior cingulum extends to a markedly lingual point but does not exhibit a distinct protostyle.
The lower molars in addition to their slenderness show relatively high trigonids, and the cusps appear to be more acute than in A, gillianus. Moreover, the paraconid may be slightly more external in position. The talonid appears deeply basined in the type, and the crest extending forward from the hypoconid joins the posterior wall of the trigonid at a position which appears to be slightly more external. This is not so obvious in the type, but noticeable in the two referred lower jaws. As a result the talonid basin in the referred specimens appears somewhat less constricted anteriorly.
TABLE 11.—Measurements (in millimeters) of upper and lower teeth of Anisonchus oligistus (U.S.N.M. No. 16192)
Measurement M! M2 Mi M2 Amfteropostenior Giameters:2— eee he ee a A eee 3.9 3.7 SoS eet. eee Transverse dismoten esas te set ee a ee ae ee 5.1 6.0 2.8 2.9
) The transverse diameter of the upper teeth is taken from the external cingulum to the base of the enamel lingually and at right angles to the direction of the tooth row.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN 49
Genus HAPLOCONUS Cope HAPLOCONUS INOPINATUS 2 Gazin
Haploconus inopinatus GAzin, 1939b, p. 280.
A second genus of anisonchine periptychids is represented in the Dragon fauna by several fragmentary specimens, including a maxil- lary portion with M' and most of M’, No. 15760, which has been made the type of Haploconus inopinatus (fig. 28). The form appar- ently represents Haploconus as indicated by the prominent lingual position of the hypocone. It is close in size to the Torrejon material referred to Haploconus angus- tus but with the teeth relatively wider transversely and with M? much wider than M'. A difference in width between M' and M? was noted in certain specimens of Haploconus referred to H. angustus, but apparently the difference is not so marked as in #7. inopinatus.
The two upper molars in the type show a slight development of a metaconule, but most noticeable is the distinct protostyle that characterizes teeth in Haploconus corniculatus. H. inopinatus is much smaller than the type of H. corniculatus, and in the latter the upper molars appear to be relatively
Figure 28.—Haploco- nus inopinatus Gaz-
as well as actually much longer anteroposteriorly than in the Dragon form.
The anteroposterior diameter of the first upper molar in the type is 43 mm. The greatest trans- verse diameters of the first and second upper molars are 6.1 and 7.1 mm., respectively.
A second maxillary portion, No. 16256, is re- ferred to H. inopinatus; however, the two molars it exhibits are not well preserved and add little to
in: Left maxillary portion with Mi! and the greater part of M? (U.S.N.M. No. 15760), type speci- men, lateral and oc- clusal views, X 3, Dragon Paleocene, Utah.
our knowledge of this form, An isolated upper premolar, apparently P*, No. 16254, may well belong to /aploconus, closely resembling this tooth in HZ. angustus, but a little smaller and with the lingual portion, though broad, somewhat less inflated anteroposteriorly.
A lower jaw portion, U.S.N.M. No. 15744, with M, and M, poorly preserved, and partially obscured by ironlike matrix, appears to represent Haploconus in the absence of a paraconid and in the blade- like form of the protoconid on M;. It corresponds closely in size to the type of Haploconus angustus, but with M, narrower, particu- larly the anterior portion, and M, possibly wider than in the Torrejon form.
* Inopinatus, unexpected.
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
A second lower jaw portion, No. 16255, collected in 1939, has P, and the greater portion of M,and M, preserved. P, is a little shorter than in most specimens of 7. angustus, though relatively as wide and appears inflated as characteristic of this genus. The two molar portions show no important distinguishing characters. These two teeth have the cingulum rather prominent external to the protoconid, but distinctly weak on Py. In No. 15744 the cingulum is not evi- dent. However, in H. angustus the development of the cingulum appears to be highly variable, and when present is apt to be most noticeable on the anterior portion of the tooth and about the hypocone.
In 1940 several isolated teeth were found near one another at a level about 30 or 40 feet higher than that of the Dragon fauna at the old Dragon Canyon locality. These include P*, a right and left P,, portions of two anterior lower molars, and the greater part of M3. The talonid portions of the various lower molars are to be compared with those of Haploconus rather than any other known form. One of the molars, however, has most of the trigonid preserved, and this exhibits a small paraconid. It is also significant that the two lower premolars have a moderately developed paraconid and are antero- posteriorly elongate and slender, approaching the form seen in Anisonchus, quite unlike the premolar exhibited in No. 16255 referred to H. tnopinatus. The form represented by these teeth is clearly distinct from that represented by No. 16255, but I hesitate to describe it as distinct because, first, there is no certainty as to which of the types of lower teeth should be referred to H. inopinatus, and secondly, there is no real assurance that the isolated teeth discussed above are from one animal, although it seems probable that they are. ,
HAPLOCONUS? ELACHISTUS,” new species
Type.—Left maxillary portion with M? and part of M?, and lower jaw fragments, U.S.N.M. No. 16191.
Horizon and. locality—Wagonroad Paleocene, Dragon Canyon, Emery County, Utah.
Specific characters.—Size near that of Conacodon cophater, smaller than either Haploconus angustus or Haploconus inopinatus. Teeth relatively a little shorter anteroposteriorly than in H. inopinatus. Difference between transverse diameters of M? and M? relatively not so great. Protostyle weak. Lower molars and P, with slight paraconid.
Description.—Representing Haploconus? elachistus are several iso- lated teeth and a few jaw and maxillary portions with one or two teeth. No. 16191, a maxillary portion with M? and part of M’, and
38’ehdxtorTos, Smallest or least, in allusion to size.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN oa
some lower jaw fragments with incomplete teeth and found associ- ated, is made the type (fig. 29). The teeth are close in size to those of the nearly contemporaneous Conacodon cophater but more closely resemble those of species of Haploconus. The form is distinctly smaller than either Haploconus angustus from the Torrejon or Hap- loconus inopinatus from the Dragon horizon.
M! and M? resemble these teeth in H. inopinatus, but in addition to their smaller size do not show so marked a difference between their transverse diameters as in H. inopinatus; moreover, the upper molars are relatively a little shorter antero- posteriorly. The protocone is distinctly lingual in position, approaching, but not reaching, the condition seen in Conacodon cophater. There is a slight protostyle at the lingual termination of the anterior cingulum, not so well developed as in H. inopinatus, nor does the anterior cingulum extend so far lingually as in @. cophater. In the latter form the anterior cingulum quite joins the protocone lingually in M? and M’*. #.? elachistus also differs noticeably from C. cophater in the weakness of the external cingulum. As in later forms of Haploconus, the external cingulum in H.? elachistus does not extend across the paracone.
The anteroposterior diameter of M? in the type is 3.6 mm. The transverse diameter
; elachistus, new species: Por- from the external cingulum to the base of aoe TeEE eaccilfe eaten the enamel lingually and at right angles to and part of M! (U.S.N.M. the direction of the tooth row is about 6.1 No. 16191), type specimen, mm. lateral and occlusal views,
The lower teeth are much like those in ote Paleo: Haploconus angustus, except for their peda smaller proportions. However, the various lower molars referred to H.? elachistus exhibit a slight, medianly placed paraconid. This is also true of P, in No. 16548, although P,; in the same specimen, though not entire, shows no evidence of a paraconid. It is interesting to note that slight paraconids were observed on the lower molars of a Torrejon specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 5886, referred to Haploconus cor- niculatus, as well as on one of the Dragon specimens. The paraconids of the lower molars of H.? elachistus, however, are not developed as seen in M' of Conacodon cophater, nor is the talonid portion so com- pressed anteroposteriorly, and the entoconid, though very well defined, is not placed so far lingually.
FicurE 29.—Haploconus?
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
The presence of a form apparently representing Haploconus in beds nearly as old as Puerco is interesting in extending downward the known range of Haploconus and tending to a rather limited extent to break down certain of the characters separating Haploconus and Conacodon. Conacodon possesses specialized dental structures which apparently did not give rise to those seen in Haploconus, but this earlier form of Haploconus, as represented in the Wagonroad fauna, shows a less marked separation from the Puerco Conacodon than do the Torrejon species.
LITERATURE CITED
GazIn, CHARLES LEWIs. 1938. A Paleocene mammalian fauna from central Utah. Journ. Washing- ton Acad. Sci., vol. 28, pp. 271-277, figs. 1-3. 1939a. Ancient mammals of Utah. Explorations and Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1938, pp. 25-28, figs. 22-25. 1939b. A further contribution to the Dragon Paleocene fauna of central Utah. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 29, pp. 273-286, figs. 1-10. 1940. The third expedition to central Utah in search of dinosaurs and extinct mammals. Explorations and Field-Work of the Smith- sonian Institution in 1939, pp. 5-8, figs. 5-8. 1941. Trailing extinct animals in central Utah and the Bridger Basin of Wyoming. Explorations and Field-Work of the Smithsonian Insti- tution in 1940, pp. 5-8, fig. 6-10. GILMORE, CHARLES WHITNEY. 1938. Fossil hunting in Utah and Arizona. Explorations and Field-Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1937, pp. 1-4, figs. 1-4. 1940. New fossil lizards from the upper Cretaceous of Utah. Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 99, No. 16, pp. 1-3, figs. 1-2. GRANGER, WALTER, and SIMPSON, GEORGE GAYLORD. 1929. A revision of the Tertiary Multituberculata. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 56, pp. 601-676, figs. 1-34. JEPSEN, GLENN LOWELL. 1930. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Paleocene of northeast Park County, Wyoming. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe., vol. 69, pp. 463-528, figs. 1-4, pls. 1-10. 1940. Paleocene faunas of the Polecat Bench formation, Park County, Wyoming. Part 1. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 217-340, figs. 1-22, pls. 1-5. MATTHEW, WILLIAM DILLER. 1937. Paleocene faunas of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new ser., vol. 30, pp. i-viii, 1-510, figs. 1-85, pls. 1-65. RUSSELL, Loris SHANO. 1926. A new species of the genus Catopsalis Cope from the Paskapoo for- mation of Alberta. Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 12, pp. 230-234, 1 fig. SIMPSON, GEORGE GAYLORD. 1986a. Census of Paleocene mammals. Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 848, pp. 1-15. 1936b. Additions to the Puerco fauna, lower Paleocene. Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 849, pp. 1-11, figs. 1-6.
PALEOCENE MAMMALS OF CENTRAL UTAH—GAZIN a3
Simpson, GEORGE GAYLoRp—Continued.
1936c. A new fauna from the Fort Union of Montana. Amer. Mus. Noy., No. 878, pp. 1-27, figs. 1-16.
1937a. Additions to the upper Paleocene fauna of the Crazy Mountain field. Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 940, pp. 1-15, figs. 1-4.
1937b. The Fort Union of the Crazy Mountain field, Montana, and its mammalian faunas. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 169, pp. i-x, 1-287, figs. 1-80, pls. 1-10.
SPIEKER, EDMUND MAUTE. 1931. The Wasatch Plateau coal field, Utah. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 819,
pp. i-vi, 1-210, figs. 1-11, pls. 1-83. SPIEKER, EDMUND MAUvTE, and REESE, JOHN BERNARD, Jr. 1925. Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the Wasatch Plateau, Utah. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 435-454, figs. 1-3.
US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1941
er M x
oa ‘ o Sd oie
at oe ears i ae i
ae) i fc mae appa =
ale 4A
ay a
f f a a ¢ iy a . i : ue \ : i‘ ¢ ’ ; ; wy be OO Ts 4 Py \ HG on ' if ! can oF tee a i Dh iy Ba TRUE Otis RT ae - i i i i ti ‘a tie OL Heavier: ah « 1 . e ; ? ’ om ” hi ey { y b Year} cee nis WK), ¥ ; if} he a Nyt eye ee pare / ‘ a 7 ; " } oy 0 } af: Ay te fe OT aT a OF fe ie. Ce : y' eon HIS lich Pica iry es i‘ ‘ ; cee } 4 ae ie Veg ' : bua : ’ I Hi Ucn i on { Ys } i j + ae ; y iH 1 a i rf oo ls ; py) bi i i V ] J A gm yt, ie 5 I ii ayy an 14) Lew : Ai We ; , Hh Nib ! 5 DMG. WOME)» PORE | A A ipa fare i A ee , , i f ; ; as \ i i { } ay.) ay a ‘ rs \ ian til i Pee ett een oa ' a fan ity vt A i ae f i ‘ en ane TUN ee Rn aa Y m | vine a i aided BHA iy ; Ay cat} att ani nes pte if sib PA ae ‘ai ™ i vs Ww a re ie nitride: rea) aire AR ES Ute +a HAR i n # ah tf, Now PRN SHPO IT iti fueel = in Caine 4 i \ ft 1h day. IV Ted aie ‘i Nea ae | Ham ee, CONN ia Pan att | ne eh a rat Pot, AS atts ve ‘neon i : : . ; : va in gia \e ie fakes al” Tea" Vea hy itp, Bh 4u AGH 0 Oe uty Wo
i , ba ae a ig i wi Rds OI” Fehr Lohay/ i
‘ | iM. A ai tots Aa Yen bynson i | Addin! "Oi 07) an en" ah Hy i » ‘Se wie’ : : th A . } p "f) Nes),
ain he tANiee : ' itt a ad } ape vii; . ies { yah a Nay ih, mm # Dp hail uF | fs (Pace i ’ te , aah F a Wives: 1a ee t § i hy ivan oh 4 ee sae - mek t We ‘ re dene bo rwad ah sae Ah pete <e.8o% en a haa NN; p | iy i a .) agit Say ae SAE ; Po ae [t - - * : , i Wee hg i } ° ie hee roel eee
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
fr
oes Y
2
issued
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 91 Washington : 1941 No. 3122
A NEW FOSSIL CROCODILIAN FROM COLOMBIA
By Caarues C. Moox
Fossim remains of a gigantic crocodilian were collected by Brother Ariste (Dr. Maurice Rollot) between Neiva and the River Baché (Colombia) in 1920. The level is not recorded. Dr. J. B. Reeside, Jr., reports on the basis of invertebrates from nearby localities that the horizon is probably Lower Cretaceous. These remains consist of six fairly well preserved vertebrae, with parts of ribs, portions of maxillary and dentary bones interlocked, several isolated pieces from the posterior portions of the right and left rami of the lower jaw, and some fragments. The maxillary portion includes part of the alveolar series and was evidently situated a short distance posterior to the maxillo-premaxillary suture. These now constitute No. 10889 of the collections of the United States National Museum. I wish to thank C. W. Gilmore, of that institution, for the privilege of describing this material.
The incomplete nature of this material makes determination of the relationships extremely difficult if not impossible. Several facts, however, may be noted. The vertebrae correspond in general char- acters and somewhat in size with the vertebra described by Gervais as Dinosuchus terror. The indicated horizon is somewhat lower than the level of this form, which Gervais notes as “lower Tertiary or Cretaceous.”
Comparison with the types of Purusaurus brasiliensis Rodriguez and Brachygnathosuchus braziliensis Mook shows clearly that the form described has no close relation with either. These species, while gigantic, have relatively short and broad lower jaws, with large alveoli, while the form described has relatively long and slender lower jaws and posterior teeth, at least, of relatively small size.
* Contributions to the Osteology, Affinities, and Distribution of the Crocodilia, No. 35. 406805—41 55
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 01
In view of these facts the material described is referred to a new species of the genus Dinosuchus Gervais (non Holland), which may be called Dinosuchus neivensis, named for the city of Neiva near which it was found.
Genus DINOSUCHUS Gervais, 1876
Generic characters—As Gervais never separated the generic char- acters from those of the species D. terror, the following designation may be given: Size gigantic, vertebrae procoelian and massively constructed.
Relationships—The genera Dinosuchus Gervais, Purusaurus Rodriguez, and Brachygnathosuchus Mook have been treated quite differently by recent authors. Nopesa, in 1924, considered Brachygnathosuchus to be a synonym of Purusaurus, and Dinosuchus to be independent. Because of the latter interpretation he proposed the name Phobosuchus for Holland’s Deznosuchus. Mook, in 1934, considered Purusaurus to be a synonym of Dinosuchus, and Brachygnathosuchus to be independent. Patterson, in 1936, consid- ered Brachygnathosuchus to be a synonym of Dinosuchus, and Purusaurus to be a synonym of Caiman of Spix.
At the present time it appears most consistent with the incom- pletely known characters of these forms and with their geologic levels to consider the Cretaceous Dinosuchus to be valid and inde- pendent, and to consider the upper Miocene or lower Pliocene Purusaurus and Brachygnathosuchus to be valid and to be closely related to Caiman.
DINOSUCHUS NEIVENSIS, new species PLATES 4-9
Specific characters —External mandibular foramen unusually large in proportion to the size of the jaw elements surrounding it, jaw relatively long and slender, posterior teeth relatively small and close together.
Description of material—F¥ ive maxillary alveoli are visible on this specimen. The first is large and is slightly longer than it is broad. The second is larger than the first. Its external border is incomplete; consequently its proportions ave difficult to determine. The last three alveoli are approximately equal to the first in size; they appear to be subcircular, although their borders are not entirely visible. Badly mutilated stumps of teeth are visible in these alveoli.
he anterior and posterior ends of the lower jaw section that is attached to the portion of the maxillary noted above exhibit sections of alveoli 12 cm. deep and fragments of teeth of corresponding size. Another section of the right ramus was located much farther back than the one noted above. The anterior end of the right external
A NEW FOSSIL CROCODILIAN—MOOK 57
mandibular foramen is located at the posterior end of this section and the posterior end of the alveolar row at the center of the superior border locates the position of the section in the ramus. Four alveoli with bases of teeth are clearly visible, and a fifth or last is somewhat obscure. These alveoli are much smaller than those of the maxil- lary section noted above, and their height, as indicated by the anterior surface of the section, is less than half that of the anterior mandibular teeth. The mandibular cavity, now indicated by matrix, was large, the bony substance being thin.
The left ramus is represented by a larger section, about 48 cm. long and composed of two pieces that make clean-cut contacts with each other. This section is entirely posterior to the alveolar row and in- cludes the external mandibular foramen, of which the superior boundary is incomplete. The posterior end of this section is near the posterior end of the ramus immediately anterior to the glenoid surface. The sutures separating the elements of which this part of the jaw is composed are indistinct, the dentary, angular, and surangular bones being almost indistinguishable from one another.
The external mandibular foramen is unusually long and is not very high. The exact relation between length and height cannot be made out because of the incomplete superior border. On comparing the length of this opening with that of an 84-cm. ramus of Crocodylus acutus, and assuming that the proportions between the total length and the length of the foramen are the same in that species and the form now described, we estimate that the total length of the ramus would be 280 em., or about 9 feet. Comparison with a 32-cm. ramus of Caiman crocodilus indicates a total length of 172 cm., or about 524 feet, which is more likely.
One of the vertebral units is composed of the intercentrum of the atlas, most of the axis, and the proximal portions of the atlas and axis ribs in natural positions. The atlas intercentrum is a broad, flat bone, much more distinctly bifurcated posteriorly than in C. acutus. The atlas ribs attach to the bifurcations and their axes of breadth lie below the axis and the, axis ribs. The atlas ribs are single headed, of course, and are considerably thickened where they attach to the atlas inter- centrum.
The characters of the axis are not particularly distinctive except for the size and strength of the processes to which the ribs are attached. The ribs themselves are distinctly two-headed, the upper element, or tuberculum, being slightly larger than the lower one, or capitulum. The shaft is slender and is situated on edge, at right angles to the posi- tion in which the atlas ribs are situated.
Six other vertebrae are preserved, but none of them is complete. Two of these united together, with a fragment of a third, are cervicals,
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
probably 4 and 5. The spines and the postzygapophyses are not pre- served. The prezygapophyses, diapophyses, and parapophyses are incompletely preserved. The centrum of the first vertebra of the pair is incomplete. That of the second is complete and is moderately long, rather low vertically and narrow posteriorly but broad anteriorly, ap- parently convex posteriorly, but the degree of convexity cannot be made out. The prezygapophyses and diapophyses of this vertebra are incomplete, but enough of them is preserved to indicate that they were very stout. There is a very small median hypapophysial keel near the anterior end of the centrum. On the whole the vertebrae appear small for the size of the mandible. The capitular and tuber- cular ends of the left rib of the anterior of the two vertebrae are pre- served ; they are very stout, especially the tubercular process.
MEASUREMENTS (IN MILLIMETERS)
Length of two large contact pieces of left ramus of mandible_-____~ = eS) Maximum *hereht of isames sae S02 sh See eae Eee oe ee See vale WN Een NALEGA juength of external mandibularsonramens as. .s0. 2 eae eee 265 Height OL GSA Ses 2 ee eS ee ee ee ee 56 Length over four posterior alveoli, right ramus of mandible______________ 82 Height of maxillary and dentary fragments in place with each other____ 211 Height of anterior mandibular tooth shown in end of this fragment______ 94 Breadth acrosssatlas centrum posterior end = ae mae seer eee eee 88 eng thi of tatlalsi«e@en Gren sees = I a a a a ee 7
Breadth across: rightvatlas) ribvat proximally endea 49 Breadth /acrossuleft atlas Tibvat proximal vend] sss eee eee AT Breadth across tuberculum end capitulum of right axis rib__--_________ 43 Breadth across tuberculum end capitulum of left axis rib_-_------________~ 746 Breadth across) 2xdS) CENCEUIM ypPOSter1LOT CnC see ae ee ee ee ee 60 WencuhvornttniCe) cervical centrum 2 ena se eee eee 83 Breadth of fifth(?) cervical centrum anterior end__------_____________ 103 Breadth of fifth(?) cervical centrum posterior end___--_-_______-_____-__ *70 Breadth of fifth(?) cervical vertebra across prezygapophyses_____--_-__-_ OT
* Estimate.
LITERATURE CITED
GERVAIS, PAUL. 1876. Crocodile gigantesque fossile au Brésil. Journ. Zool., vol. 5, pp. 233-236, 1 pl. Mook, CHARLES CRAIG. 1921. Brachygnathosuchus braziliensis, a new fossil crocodilian from Brazil. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 44, pp. 48-49, 4 figs. 1934. The evolution and classification of the Crocodilia. Journ. Geol., vol. 42, pp. 295-304, 1 fig. Noprcsa, FRANZ BARON. 1924. Uber die Namen einiger brasilianischer fossiler Krokodile. Ceniralbl. Min., Geol. und Pal., 1924, p. 378. PATTERSON, BRYAN. 1936. Caiman latirostris from the Pleistocene of Argentina, and a sum- mary of South American Cenozoie Crocodilia. Herpetologica, vol. 1, pp. 48-54, 1 pl. RODRIGUES, JOAO BARBOSA. 1892. Les reptiles fossiles de lo vallée de l’Amazona. Vellosia, yol. 2 (1885-88), pp. 41-56, 16 pls.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1941
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91 PLATE 4
DINOSUCHUS NEIVENSIS, NEW SPECIES.
Type (U.S. N. M. No. 10889): Parts of left premaxillary and dentary bones, external view. One-half
natural size.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91 PLATE 5
DINOSUCHUS NEIVENSIS, NEW SPECIES.
1. Type (U.S. N. M. No. 10889): Central portion of right dentary bone, superior view. One-half natural size.
2. Same, external view. One-half natural size.
PLATE 6
PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 91
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
“OZIS [Pinqeu pry
2uQ)
“MO!
A [Bute] x9 ‘a[qipuru jo snued de] Jo uon4od AOMISOd >(6880T “ON (WSN 'S ‘) ada 7,
“SAIDAdS MAN ‘SISNSAIFN SNHONSONIG
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91 PLATE 7
DINOSUCHUS NEIVENSIS, NEW SPECIES.
1. Type (U.S. N. M. No. 10889): Parts of atlas and axis vertebrae and of atlas and axis ribs, lateral view, left side. One-half natural size.
2. Same, inferior view. One-half natural size.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91 PLATE 8
DINOSUCHUS NEIVENSIS, NEW SPECIES.
1. Type (U.S. N. M. No. 10889): Cervical vertebrae, probably fifth and sixth, lateral view, left side. One-half natural size.
2. Dorsal vertebrae, probably fifth and sixth, lateral view, left side. One-half natural size.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91 PLATE 9
DINOSUCHUS NEIVENSIS, NEW SPECIES.
Type (U.S. N. M. No. 10889): Vertebrae, position in series uncertain, lateral view, left side. One-half
natural size.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 91 Washington: 1941 No. 3123
THE NORTH AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE GENUS ARACHNIS, WITH ONE NEW SPECIES
By J. F. Gates Ciarke
Tus study of the genus Arachnis (family Arctiidae) was undertaken to determine the exact relationship of the new species described to the known species, and, in order to accomplish this, characters for all species in the group needed to be critically reviewed and evaluated.
The species of this group are extremely plastic and readily produce forms and races apparently constant in coloration. These may be confined to small islands within the range of the species or may occur along with the typical race.
The lack of sufficient material has probably prevented a proper evaluation of characters in one or two instances, but it seems apparent that at least one species, picta, has given rise to numerous varieties and races that are so distinct superficially that they appear to be separate species. The case of midas, for example, is striking. This so-called species, although easily distinguishable from picta on color- ation, can be separated from it morphologically only by the shape of the uncus. As pointed out later, médas is represented only by the unique type, and the distinguishing character of the genitalia might well be only one of several variations. Since the matter of coloration seems to be of little importance in the separation of species, m2das, like citra, may be nothing more than a form or race of picta.
The genus appears to be best represented in the southwestern part of the United States, but its distribution ranges into Mexico and to the Midwest and Florida. It is in the Rocky Mountain region that
408320—41 59
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
the predisposition to variation is greatest, more stability being apparent to the east and west beyond the intermountain area.
The larvae are probably rather general feeders, a character common to many arctiids, but only a few have been reared.
Dr. J. A. Comstock, director of science in the Los Angeles Museum, kindly sent material for study, for which thanks are due.
A diagnosis of this well-known genus is not included, but descrip- tions of the genitalia follow.
The drawings for this paper were made by Mrs. Eleanor A. Carlin, of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.
Genus ARACHNIS Geyer
Arachnis Geyer, in Hiibner, Zutriige exotischer Schmetterlinge, vol. 5, p. 28, 1837.
Male genitalia.—Harpe broadly attached at base, long, slender, al- ways with inward lateral projection. Anellus semicylindrical, some- times concave laterally. Aedeagus long, stout, dorsoventrally curved ; vesica with numerous minute scobinations. Vinculum with well- developed winglike lateral expansion. Tegumen with well-developed dorsal flange.
Female genitalia—Ostium large, extending well beyond ventral surface of genital plate. Ductus bursae strongly sclerotized, some- what depressed, concave ventrally. Ductus seminalis greatly enlarged, membranous or partly sclerotized, and entering at confluence of ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix. Bursa copulatrix with two small, round, scobinate signa. Occasionally a third signum is weakly developed. Dorsal glands well developed, with several branches.
Remarks.—The lateral projection of the harpe does not seem to represent a clasper or an ampulla, but rather no more than an out- growth of the ventral margin.
KEYS TO THE SPECIES OF ARACHNIS
Coloration
ie ind wangewathyellowishyercoulds Colo tee er 2 Hind wing with red or reddish ground color__-__---------------~---~--- 3
2. Thorax with conspicuous white posteromedian dorsal spot ; dark Markings OftOre wingaSlate== === === ae zuni Neumoegen (p. 69)
Thorax without white posteromedian dorsal spot; dark mark- ings of fore wing gray_-—_------—_- midas Barnes and Lindsey (p. 69) 3. Fore wing with white or whitish ground color___----------------~-------~ 5 Fore wing with ground color otherwise_————__-_-—*__-_ = 4
4. Fore wing with yellowish ground color. picta citra Neumoegen and Dyar (p. 67) Fore wing with cerise ground color___--_-~- apachea, new species (p. 68) 5: Abdomen with laterals row. of Oranee (SOUS === =e 6 Abdomen with lateral row of gray to blackish spots____-____-------------- Uf
MOTHS OF THE GENUS ARACHNIS—CLARKE 61
6. Hind wing almost wholly overlaid with blackish fuscous; dark
markings of fore wing dark slate gray, sharply contrasted
against white ground color__________-___~_ aulaea pompeia Druce (p. 63) Hind wing with dark markings lighter and less abundant; dark
markings of fore wing lighter and not so sharply contrasted
With ywhitishyeround colors: == = see se ees aulaea Geyer (p. 62) 7. Fore wing with at least basal half of underside entirely shaded Sd a na CTSNet ee 2 hls ee eh 8 Fore wing with basal half or two-thirds of underside of costa Oniyeshaded {wilt ONG ee =. tA aes ee a 10 8. Gray markings of fore wing strongly outlined with black________________ 9
10.
Gray markings of fore wing without black outlines. picta insularis Clarke (p. 66) . Hind wing of male with outer band of gray spots broken but strongly defined ; female with outer band entire or, if broken, EhengonlysOncCe. 22= = 25 ee ee ee a picta Packard (p. 63) Hind wing of male with outer band consisting of three or four small spots; female with outer band consisting of four spots, apical pair sometimes fused. picta verna Barnes and McDunnough (p. 65) Hind wing of male semihyaline; female with basal band, on underside, connected to base by a narrow gray line. picta maia Ottolengui (p. 66) Hind wing of male not semihyaline; female with basal band, on underside, connected to base by conspicuous gray triangle. picta hampsoni Dyar (p. 66)
Male genitalia
. Uneus flattened, with prominent dorsal ridge; lateral projection
of harpe as narrow as, or narrower than, distal part of harpe beyondmta( plat. es 4) ee eee aulaea Geyer (p. 62) Uncus conical, without dorsal ridge; lateral projection wider than distal part of harpe beyond it (pl. 10, fig. 3; pl. 12, PSA Cie Ol) ae ee ew a ee ee ee 2 Distal portion of harpe greatly dilated (pl. 10, fig. 3). apachea, new species (p. 68)
Distal portion of harpe not greatly dilated (pl. 12, figs. 7, 8) _-_-_-___________ 3 . Lateral projection of harpe bent toward base; distal end narrow, somewhat compressed (pl. 11, fig. 5) _--____-_-_____ zuni Neumoegen (p. 69) Lateral projection of harpe not bent toward base; distal end SWVC ST eee es ae sen en cee ed it ee ae ee ee ee ee 4 Uncus short, stocky, evenly curved (pl. 12, fig. 7c)_-_-- picta Packard (p. 63)
Uncus long, slender, angulate (pl. 12, fig. 8c). midas Barnes and Lindsey (p. 69)
Female genitalia*
a uetus seminalis at least partly: sclerotized=—2=+ 2-3 * fee Zr Ductus seminalis wholly membranous________-_______ picta Packard (p. 63) Median fleshy protuberance of ostium with broad, sickle-shaped,
sclerotized area on each side (pl. 10, fig. 2) __-_______ aulaea Geyer (p. 62) Median fleshy protuberance of ostium without such area (pl. 11, fig. 6). zuni Neumoegen (p. 69)
+The females of midas and apachea are unknown to me.
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
ARACHNIS AULAEA Geyer PLATE 10, FieuREs 2—2a; PLatE 11, FicurEes 4-40
Arachnis aulaea Geyer, in Hiibner, Zutriige exotischer Schmetterlinge, vol. 5, p. 28, figs. 918, 914, 1837 —CremeEns, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 526.—WALKER, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collec- tion of the British Museum, vol. 31 (Suppl. 1), p. 300, 1864.—Srrercy, Ilus- trations of the Zygaenidae and Bombycidae of North America, vol. 1, p. 85, 1873.—Drvce, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Heterocera, vol. 1, p. 98, 1884.— SmitTH, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 1118, 1891.—Kirgpy, A synonymic catalogue of the Lepidoptera Heterocera (moths), vol. 1, p. 218, 1892.—Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 18, p. 174, 1894.—OrroLENGuI, Ent. News, vol. 7, p. 126, pl. 4, 1896.—Drucr, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Heterocera, vol. 2, p. 377, 1897—HA4Amepson, Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 3, pp. 389, 390, 391, fig. 163, 1901 [biology].—Barnrs and McDuNNnovuen, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 967, 1917.—SrTrAnp, Lepi- dopterorum catalogus, pt. 22, p. 278, 1919.—Sr1Tz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 6, p. 314, pl. 40b, 1919.—Barnes and BENJAmIN, Pan-Pac. Ent., vol. 3, p. 17, 1926.—McDunnouaH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepidoptera), No. 1080, 1938.
Ecpantheria aulaea (Geyer) Botspuvat, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 12, p. 78, 1869.— OBERTHUR, Etudes d’Entomologie, vol. 6, p. 111, pl. 19, figs. 4, 7, 1881.— BuRMEISTER, Ann. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, vol. 3, p. 31, 1883.
Ecpantheria aulea ScHaus (misspelling for aulaea), Papilio, vol. 3, p. 188, 1883 [larva].
Arachnis aulea (Schaus) H. Epwarps, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull. 35, p. 61, 1889.— ScHaus, Ent. Amer., vol. 5, p. 190, 1889—NrUMOEGEN and DyAr, Journ. New York Ent. Soe., vol. 1, p. 178, 1893.—Dyar and Dot1, Ent. News, vol. 4, p. 312, 1893 [larva].—Dyar, Can. Ent., vol. 26, p. 307, 1894 [larva]; Proc. Ent. Soe. Washington, vol. 14, p. 55, 1912.
Ecpantheria incarnata WALKER, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 3, p. 690, 1855.—BurMEIstTer, Ann. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, vol. 3, p. 31, 1883 [as synonym of H. aulaea].
Arachnis incarnata SmitH, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 1118, 1891.—Kuirpy, A synonymic catalogue of the Lepidoptera Heterocera (moths), vol. 1, p. 218, 1892.—_Barnres and McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 967, 1917.—Srranp, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 22, p. 278, 1919.—Sr1rz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 6, p. 314, 1919.— McDunnouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepidoptera), No. 1080, 1938 [as synonym of A. aulaea].
Male genitalia—Warpe with slender, inward, lateral projection; cucullus narrow, scarcely wider than lateral projection of harpe, slightly swollen distally. Anellus with sides parallel. Aedeagus with well-developed distolateral flap. Vinculum broad, short, truncate. Uncus broad, flattened, with prominent dorsal ridge extending beyond end to form terminal point. Flange of tegumen broadly rounded.
Female genitalia—Median protuberance of ostium fleshy, bulbous, with conspicuous, sickle-shaped, sclerotized area laterally. Ductus
MOTHS OF THE GENUS ARACHNIS—CLARKE 63
seminalis sclerotized for distance almost equal to length of ductus bursae.
Alar expanse, 38-60 mm.
Distribution —Southwestern part of the United States and Mexico. Arizona: Huachuca Mountains, 2 (no date or collector) ; Palmerlee, Cochise
County, ¢ (“VIII’; no collector). New Mexico: “New Mexico,” 2 (no other data). Texas: “Southern Texas,” ¢ (no other data).
Types—Unknown (aulaea); in the British Museum (incarnata).
Type localities—Mexico (aulaca and inearnata).
Food plants—Numerous (ace. Schaus, 1889).
Remarks.—This species seems to be essentially a Mexican insect, since the preponderance of specimens before me is from Mexico. The few records from the United States are scattered and not altogether reliable.
ARACHNIS AULAEA POMPEIA Druce PLATE 10, Ficures 1-la
Arachnis pompeia Druck, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 18, p. 174, 1894; Biolo- gia Centrali-Americana; Heterocera, vol. 2, p. 377, pl. 75, figs. 2, 3, 1897.— Hampson, Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 8, pp. 389, 390, 1901.—Srranp, Lepi- dopterorum catalogus, pt. 22, p. 279, 1919.—Srrrz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 6, p. 315, 1919—BARrNEs and BENJAMIN, Pan-Pac. Ent., vol. 3, p. 17, 1926—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepidoptera), No. 1081, 1938.
Arachnis aulaea Hotianp [not Geyer], The moth book, p. 124, pl. 16, fig. 1, 1903.— Barnes and McDunnovueH, Contr. Nat. Hist. Lepid. North Amer., vol. 1, No. 4, p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 1, 1912.
Alar expanse, 47-52 mm.
Type.—tIn the British Museum.
Type locality—Mexico, near Durango City.
Remarks.—The racial status of pompeia (known from the female only) is doubtful, and the genitalia indicate that it may be no more than a form of aulaea occurring along with the typical race. This form can be distinguished from aulaea by the darker and move con- trasting markings.
The specimen figured by Barnes and McDunnough? as aulaea is in the U. S. National Museum. This specimen is pompeia and was mis- identified by Barnes and McDunnough.
ARACHNIS PICTA Packard PLATE 12, Fiaures 7—7c, 9-9a
Arachnis picta PACKARD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 126, 1864— WALKER, List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 85 (Suppl. 5), p. 1912, 1866.—Srrercu, Illustrations
7Contr. Nat. Hist. Lepid. North Amer., vol. 1, No. 4, p. 7, pl. 2, 1912.
64. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
of the Zygaenidae and Bombycidae of North America, vol. i, ps 83, Dbl. 3; fig. 6, 1873.—OxsertHuR, Etudes d’Entomologie, vol. 6, p. 112, pl. 19, figs. 5, 8, 1881.—Drucer, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Heterocera, vol. 1, p. 98, 1884.— H. Epwarps, U. 8S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 35, p. 61, 1889 [food plant].— Dyar, Ent. Amer., vol. 6, p. 73, 1890 [larva, cocoon, pupa].—SMITH, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 1117, 1891.—Kirgsy, A syno- nymic catalogue of the Lepidoptera Heterocera (moths), vol. 1, p. 218, 1892.— NEUMOEGEN and Dyar, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 1, pp. 178, 179, 1893.— Orrotencul, Ent. News, vol. 7, p. 124, pl. 4, 1896.—Hampson, Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 3, pp. 389, 392, 1901.—Dvyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 857, 1903.—SmirH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 36, 1903.—HoLLanp, The moth book, p. 124, pl. 16, fig. 2, 1903.—Barnes and McDunnovucnH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 968, 1917; Contr. Nat. Hist. Lepid. North Amer., vol. 4, p. 90, 1918.—STRAND, Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 22, p. 279, 1919.—Sr1rz, Die Gross-Schmetter- linge der Erde, vol. 6, p. 315, pl. 40b, 1919.—Essia, Insects of western North America, pp. 581, 583, 678, 1926 [parasites of, larva, food plants]—McDun- NouGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepidoptera), No. 1082, 1938.
Ecpantheria picta (Packard) BurMetstrer, Ann. Mus. Publ. Buenos Aires, vol. 3, p. 31, 1888 (as synonym of LH. aulaea).
Male genitalia—Lateral process of harpe with posterior edge smooth, much broader than portion of harpe beyond it; distal end fleshy, slightly dilated apically. Anellus strongly concave laterally. Aedeagus with poorly developed distolateral flap; scobinations of the vesica weak. Vinculum narrowly rounded. Uncus short, stocky, evenly curved.
Female genitalia—Median protuberance of ostium broad, flat-
tened, without sickle-shaped sclerotized lateral area. Ductus seminalis membranous.
Alar expanse, 33-62 mm. Distribution—Southern part of the United States northward to Illinois, Utah, and northern California and southward into Mexico,
Arizona: Oak Creek Canyon, 2 (6,000 feet, July, F. H. Snow); Prescott, 9? (“VII,” collector not given).
California: Alameda County, 2¢ ¢, 2 (September, October; no collector) ; Los Angeles, 6,2 292 (25—-X-1889, H. G. Dyar No. 4084; 26—-X-—1889, H. G. Dyar Nos. 4190, 4208) ; Los Angeles County, ¢ (no date or collector) ; Sacramento, @ (no date or collector); San Diego, ¢ (16—X—1909, George H. Field), 2992 (14-X-22; 10-X-23; no collector); San Francisco County, 2¢ 6, 2292 (September and October; no collector) ; several males and females labeled “Middle California” and “Southern California.”
Colorado: @ (no date; “Bruce’’).
Florida: Palm Beach, ¢ (4-II-1890, H. G. Dyar No. 4552).
Illinois: Quincy, 2 (no date; Poling).
New Mexico: Jemez Springs, 2 (no date or collector).
Utah: 2 (no other data).
MOTHS OF THE GENUS ARACHNIS—CLARKE 65
Type.—tIn the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Type locality—San Francisco, Calif.
Food plants —Alfalfa, clover, geranium, lupine, J/alva, rose, sage- brush, ete.
Remarks.—The genitalia of picta and its varieties show consider- able variation, but no characters present are sufficiently stable to enable the absolute separation of one from the other by the use of these organs. The typical subspecies (picta picta) shows the most con- sistent form. The lateral projection of the harpe of this subspecies is usually much thicker than in the others and the posterior edge of the projection is comparatively smooth. In the other subspecies the lateral projection varies in thickness and is usually roughened on the posterior edge.
In addition to the material listed under distribution I have before me two specimens from Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, Calif. (2-X-1931, 11-X-1931, Don Meadows), which appear to be an island race of picta. The gray markings are very light and coalesced and not sharply defined. The thorax, head, and fore wing have a powdered appearance. Until more material comes to hand and it is possible to determine the constancy of this form I am leaving it unnamed. This race falls between picta and verna in my key.
These specimens were sent to me by Dr. J. A. Comstock, of the Los Angeles Museum.
ARACHNIS PICTA VERNA Barnes and McDunnough
Arachnis picta verna BARNES and McDuNNovuaH, Contr. Nat. Hist. Lepid. North Amer., vol. 4, p. 90, pl. 18, figs. 5, 6, 1918—McDuNnnouaH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepi- doptera), No. 1082c, 1938.
Alar expanse, 45-73 mm.
Distribution —Middle California to Utah.
California: Three Rivers, Tulare County, 3 ¢ 4,6 9 @ (no dates or collector).
Utah: Dividend, 3 ¢6¢, 2 (August and September dates; Tom Spalding) ; Eureka, 6 $46, 3 992 (August and September dates, 1910 to 1921, Tom Spalding) ; Provo, ¢, 2 (20-IX—1908; 25-VIII-1908, Tom Spalding).
Type.—tIn the U. S. National Museum.
Type locality —Three Rivers, Tulare County, Calif.
Remarks.—This variety averages slightly larger than typical picta and has more of the whitish or pale-gray ground color showing, thus appearing considerably lighter. The dark markings of the hind wing are reduced in verna.
While this race is at present known only from two rather small areas it may be found throughout much of the area between California and the Rocky Mountains, even though this particular species appears to produce rather restricted races.
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
In addition to the specimens listed above, I have before me one other from Logan Canyon, Utah (August 16, 1939, G. F. Knowlton No. 34), which appears to belong here. This specimen, however, lacks the usual median dorsal black line of the abdomen, and the hind wing is more cerise, with the dark spots greatly reduced.
' ARACHNIS PICTA INSULARIS Clarke
Arachnis picta insularis CLARKE, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. 39, p. 187, 1941 [egg, food plant]. Alar expanse, 34-54 mm. Type.—tIn the U. S. National Museum. Type locality.—Anacapa Island, Calif. Food plant.—Plantago (laboratory). Remarks.—This subspecies is known only from the type locality.
ARACHNIS PICTA MAIA Ottolengui
Arachnis maia, OTTOLENGUI, Ent. News, vol. 7, p. 125, pl. 4, 1896.
Arachnis picta. maia HAmpson, Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 3, p. 392, 1901.— Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 857a, 1903.—Smiru, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 946a, 1903.—BarNnes and McDuNNoUGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 968a, 1917; Contr. Nat. Hist. Lepid. North Amer., vol. 4, p. 90, pl. 18, figs. 7, 8, 1918—StTranp, Lepi- dopterorum catalogus, pt. 22, p. 279, 1919.—Sr1rz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 6, p. 815, 1919.—BarNnkEs and LINDSEY, Ent. News, vol. 32, p. 297, 1921.—McDunnovueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepidoptera), No. 1082a, 1938.
Alar expanse, 44-58 mm.
Distribution—Southern Rocky Mountain region.
Colorado: Chaffee County, ¢, 9 (no date; Bruce) ; Glenwood Springs, ¢ (August 1894 ; W. Barnes) ; Salida, ¢, 2 9 2 (no date or collector) ;11 6 6 (“Colo.” Bruce).
New Mexico: Las Vegas, ¢ (’89, H. Meske).
Type.—tin the U. 8S. National Museum.
Type locality.—Las Vegas, N. Mex.’
Remarks.—Males of this race are easily distinguishable from picta by their coloration, but the females are distinguishable only by the key character, which, although probably rather constant, might fail to separate the two in borderline cases.
ARACHNIS PICTA HAMPSONI Dyar
Arachnis picta hampsoni DyAr, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 857c, 1903.—SmirH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 946c, 19038.—BaARNES and McDunnoveH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 968e, 1917; Contr. Nat. Hist. Lepid. North Amer., vol. 4, p. 90, 1918.—StTrAnp,
8 See “Errata,” Ent. News, vol. 7, p. 160, 1896.
MOTHS OF THE GENUS ARACHNIS—CLARKE 67
Lepidopterorum catalogus, pt. 22, p. 279, 1919.—Srrrz, Die Gross-Schmetter- linge der Erde, vol. 6, p. 815, 1919—McDunnoueu, Check list of the Lepidop- tera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepidoptera), No. 1082d, 1938.
Alar expanse, 45-65 mm. Distribution.—Southwestern part of the United States.
Arizona: Flagstaff, ¢ (July; no other data) ; Huachuca Mountains, Q@ (no date or collector) ; Mojave County, 2¢ 6 (August 8-16; no collector) ; Para- dise, Cochise County, ¢, @ (August; no collector) ; Cochise County, ¢, 8292 (26-VI-1917; 31—-VII-1917; no collector); Phoenix, ¢ (no date or collector); Prescott, 7¢ 6, 422 (July and August dates; no collector) ; Yavapai County, 36 6,222 (August; O. Buchholz).
California: Los Angeles, 2¢ 4, 422 (October; V. M. Owen); San Diego, 11¢ 4,522 (September, October, 1921; no collector).
New Mexico: Jemez Springs, ¢, 2 (no date or collector).
Neotype.—In the U. S. National Museum.
Type locality—Jemez Springs, N. Mex.
Remarks.—This race was described by Hampson‘ as “Subsp. 2” of picta but was not named. Dyar® named this race hampsoni but did not designate a type. I now designate a male specimen from Jemez Springs, N. Mex., in the U. S. National Museum, as neotype, since New Mexico is the first locality cited by Hampson.
ARACHNIS PICTA CITRA Neumoegen and Dyar
Arachnis picta citra NEUMOEGEN and DyAr, Ent. News, vol. 4, p. 140, 1893 ; Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 1, p. 179, 1893.—OrroLreneul, Ent. News, vol. 7, p. 124, 126, pl. 4, 1896—HaAmpson, Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 2, p. 393, 1901.— Dyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 857b, 1903—SmitruH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 946b, 19038.—BarRNEs ang McDUNNOUGH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 968b, 1917; Contr. Nat. Hist. Lepid. North Amer., vol. 4, p. 90, 1918.—StTranp, Lepidopterorum cata- logus, pt. 22, p. 279, 1919.—Srrrz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 6, p. 315, pl. 40b, 1919.—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepidoptera), No. 1082b, 1988.
Alar expanse, 46-74 mm. Distribution—Southwestern part of the United States. California: ¢ (no other data). Colorado: Glenwood Springs, 25¢ 6, 162 9 (August and September dates, W. Barnes) ; 56 ¢, 722 (‘‘Colo.” Bruce). Utah: Cisco, ¢ (16-VIII-1939, G. F. Knowlton and F. C. Harmston). Type—tn the U. S. National Museum. Type locality—Western Colorado.
4Hampson, G. F., Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collec- tion of the British Museum, vol. 3, p. 392, 1901. 5 Dyar, H. G., U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 857¢, 1903.
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
Remarks.—The single male from the Oberthur collection labeled “California” is probably mislabeled. The preponderance of specimens from Colorado and the single specimen from Cisco, Utah, indicate that the population of this variety is restricted in distribution to the mountainous area centering about Colorado.
ARACHNIS APACHEA, new species
Pirate 10, Figures 3-8¢
Antenna with basal segment cerise anteriorly, buff posteriorly ; shaft blackish fuscous; basal two-fifths cream colored above and faintly annulated with cerise; outer three-fifths overlaid with pale eray above. Labial palpus whitish ochreous; basal segment with a conspicuous black spot exteriorly ; second segment bright carmine out- wardly and above; third segment carmine-tipped above. Face gray, broadly edged with black. Head pink with a black median spot posteriorly. Collar pale pink, darker outwardly and edged with black beneath; on each side a conspicuous black-edged gray spot surrounded by a narrow, attenuated, cream-colored area. Thorax cerise; mesially a narrow, longitudinal, ochreous line; on each side a longitudinal, dorsal, black-edged, gray stripe; tegula pink, edged with cerise and containing a large, elongate, triangular, black-edged, gray spot. Fore wing cerise with veins faintly buff; costa narrowly edged with buff; along costa five conspicuous, irregular, black-edged, gray spots; ex- tending across wing from these costal spots, five rows of irregular, black-edged, gray spots and dashes; on costa, at apex, an oval gray spot narrowly edged inwardly with black; along termen, between veins 3 and 8, a series of elongate, U-shaped, black-edged, gray dashes; at tornus a conspicuous, round, black-edged gray spot; cilia consisting of alternating buff and gray dashes; the underside more or less suffused with orange-ochreous, the markings less conspicuous and, except for the inner ones, sooty black; the two basal costal spots black. Hind wing semihyaline, cerise; costa rather broadly edged with pale ochreous and with two narrow, poorly defined, fuscous, transverse dashes about middle; on outer margin, at end of vein 1b, a small but conspicuous black spot; on the underside, the costa marked with conspicuous, black-edged, gray dashes. Legs creamy white, overlaid with cerise and pink and variously marked with black-edged gray spots; tarsi annulated with black. Abdomen cerise above with a faint, longitudinal median, black basal dash; beneath pink and buff mixed. Anal tuft ochreous beneath mixed with black scales; above, marked with an elongate, median, black, triangular dash.
Male genitalia—Harpe with moderately broad, inward projection, roughened on posterior edge; distal end of harpe greatly dilated. Anellus strongly concave laterally. Aedeagus with small distolateral
MOTHS OF THE GENUS ARACHNIS—CLARKE 69
flap. Vinculum broadly rounded. Uncus stout, conical. Flange of tegumen broadly rounded.
Alar expanse, 54-55 mm.
Type.—U. 8S. N. M. No. 54258.
Type locality —Phantom Ranch, Grand Canyon, Ariz.
Food plant—Unknown.
Remarks.—Described from the type male (12-IX—1938) and one male paratype (Roaring Springs, Grand Canyon, “VIII-1938”) both collected and submitted by Louis Schellbach, assistant park naturalist.
This is one of the most brilliantly colored species of the genus and can be distinguished easily from all others by the concolorous ground of the fore and hind wings. It appears to be most nearly related to picta.
ARACHNIS MIDAS Barnes and Lindsey
PLATH 12, FigurRES 8-8c
Arachnis midas BARNES and LInDsEy, Ent. News, vol. 32, p. 297, 1921.—McDun- novueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepidoptera), No. 1083, 1988.
Male genitalia.—Lateral projection of harpe not bent toward base, broader than distal end of harpe beyond it and roughened on posterior edge; distal end of harpe swollen. Anellus narrower distally than proximally. Aedeagus with well-developed distolateral flap. Vin- culum moderately narrow, rounded. Uncus elongate, angular. Flange of tegumen broad.
Alar expanse, 55 mm.
Distribution —Known only from the type locality.
Type—tIn the U. S. National Museum.
Type locality —KEureka, Utah.
Food plant.—Unknown.
Remarks.—The genitalia of this species are strikingly similar to those of several of the varieties of picta but are at once distin- guished by the elongate and angulate uncus, as shown in the figure.
I believe this to be another color form of picta but am retaining the specific name for the present because it is represented by the unique type only, which does not offer sufficient evidence for a change. The distolateral flap of the aedeagus is especially typical of picta.
ARACHNIS ZUNI Neumoegen PLATE 11, Figures 5-5b, 6-6a
Arachnis zuni NEUMOEGEN, Ent. Amer., vol. 6, p. 173, 1890.—Smiru, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 1119, 1891.—Kirpy, A synonymic cata- logue of the Lepidoptera Heterocera (moths), vol. 1, p. 219, 1892.—NruMOEGEN and Dyar, Journ. New York Ent. Sce., vol. 1, p. 178. ‘i179, 1893.—Drucr, Bi-
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
ologia Centrali-Americana, Heterocera, vol. 2, p. 378, pl. 75, figs. 5, 8, 1897.— Hampson, Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctianae) and Agaristidae in the collection of the British Museum, vol. 3, pp. 389, 393, pl. 47, fig. 15, 1901.— CocKERELL, Ent. News, vol. 12, p. 209, 1901 [egg].—Dvyar, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 52, No. 858, 1903.—SMiru, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 947, 1903.—Hotianp, The moth book, p. 124, pl. 16, fig. 3, 1903.—BarnEs and McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, No. 969, 1917.—BonNIWELL, The Lepidopterist, vol. 2, p. 85, 1918.—StTranp, Lepi- dopterorum catalogus, pt. 22, p. 279, 1919—Sr1rz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, vol. 6, p. 315, pl. 40c, 1919—BArnrEs and LINpsEy, Ent. News, vol. 32, p. 297, 1921—McDunnoueH, Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America (Part 1, Macrolepidoptera), No. 1084, 1988.
Male genitalia—Lateral projection of harpe broader than portion of harpe beyond it, bent toward base; distal end of harpe not greatly dilated, somewhat compressed, slightly excurved. Anellus long, nar- rower distally than proximally. Aedeagus with broad, flattened, dis- tolateral flap. Vinculum narrow, bluntly pointed, with long, narrow, lateral, winglike expansion. Uncus conical, elongate with apex nar- rowly flattened.
Female genitalia——Median fleshy protuberance of ostium flattened, broad, with shallow indentation on posterior margin; lateral area membranous. Ductus seminalis weakly sclerotized anterior to its junction with the ductus bursae and bursa copulatrix.
Alar expanse, 43-70 mm.
Distribution.—Southwestern part of the United States and Mexico. Arizona: Chiracahua Mountains, 2 6 ¢, 2 92 (June 12 to 26, H. G. Hubbard). New Mexico: High Rolls, 12 ¢¢, 9 9@ (various dates; no collector) ; Las
Cruces, ¢ (no date; T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Las Vegas, 2 (no date or collector).
Type—tIn the U. 8. National Museum.
Type locality —Las Vegas, N. Mex.
Food plant—Virginia creeper.
Remarks.—This species is easily distinguishable from any other in the genus by the peculiar slate-colored markings of the fore wing and the yellow ground color of the hind wing.
A single specimen in the U. S. National Museum from Mexico City, Mexico, if correctly labeled, suggests that zwni has a much wider dis- tribution than the above records from the United States indicate.
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1941
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91 PLATE 10
1 pornpeia
3 apachea
1-la. Arachnis aulaea pompeia Druce: 1, Ventral view of female genitalia; 1a, dorsal view of glands. 2-2a. Arachnis aulaea Geyer: 2, Ventral view of female genitalia; 2a, dorsal aspect of glands entering intersegmental membrane.
3-3¢. Arachnis apachea, new species: 3, Ventral view of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; 3a, ventral aspect of anellus; 34, lateral view of aedeagus
; 3c, dorsal view of male genitalia with aedeagus removed and showing flange.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91. PLATE 11
oS \f “6a 6 ZUM J 4-46. Arachnis aulaea Geyer: 4, Ventral view of male genitalia with aedeagus removed showing flange of tegumen; 42, anellus, ventral view; 44, lateral aspect of aedeagus showing disto- lateral flap. S-6a. Arachnis zuni Neumoegen: 5, Ventral view of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; 5a,
ventral view of anellus: 54, aedeagus, lateral view; 6, ventral view of female genitalia; 6c, dorsal glands.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91 PLATE 12
8IMAAS
~I
Te, 9-9a. Arachnis picta Packard: 7, Ventral aspect of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; 7a, anellus, ventral view; 74, aedeagus, lateral view; 7c, lateral aspect of male genitalia showing uncus and flange; 9, ventral view of female genitalia; 92, dorsal glands.
8-8c. drachnis midas Barnes and Lindsey: 8, Ventral view of male genitalia with aedeagus
removed; 8a, ventral view of anellus; 84, aedeagus, lateral aspect; 8c, lateral view of uncus.
por ete he mh a : Lah a ee
Tea od
an 47
A ie eee
t are “s ¥ i Nos ei Tuk a net : a
os '
\
ut i
‘
, j i =
‘ “ }. = ¥ ay | ™ , ‘ , = ie y = : : y 4 @ ele : " i é _* 4 pom 9 ws ~ a e ‘ | iy ,
Perit Lu ‘ me, f Se Bie r
oo)
an oT i 4 . \ pa) n ay — °
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 91 Washington : 1941 No. 3124
SOME LITTLE-KNOWN FOSSIL LIZARDS FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WYOMING
By Cuaries W. Grtmore
Amone a small collection of Oligocene fossil remains acquired for the United States National Museum in 1931, from George F. Stern- berg, were two lizard specimens that contribute to a better understand- ing of the cranial anatomy of the genera Aciprion and Eaostinus. These specimens were found in a small badland area of the Brule formation that is bisected by U. S. Highway 20, about 8 miles east of Douglas, Converse County, Wyo. A detailed description of them follows. The illustrations were prepared by Sydney Prentice.
Family IGUANIDAE Genus ACIPRION Cope
ACIPRION FORMOSUM Cope
Fiacures 30, 31
An almost complete skull with both dentaries (U.S.N.M. No. 16566) of Aciprion formosum Cope gives for the first time a comprehensive knowledge of the cranium in this little-known genus and species.
Skull.—The skull is complete except for part of the right jugal and fragments of the squamosal of the same side. The anterior half of the palate has been disarranged and some of the elements aremissing. ‘The lower jaws both lack their posterior portions.
Most of the sutural contacts are discernible and so make it possible clearly to depict the cranial details as shown in the illustrations. In
406806—41 71
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
size and general structure the fossil skull displays many resemblances to the living lizard Crotaphytus. The dentitions of these two forms likewise are very similar.
Viewed from the side (see fig. 31) the profile of the skull at the junction of the parietal and frontal is depressed, as contrasted with the usual convex profile of most of the Iguanidae. From the tip of the nose to the posterior end of the squamosal the skull has a greatest length of 27 mm.; the greatest breadth across the jugals is 14.6 mm.
The premaxillary has a long spine that is relatively wider than in Crotaphytus. Its posterior end is notably different in being broadly rounded as contrasted with the narrow, sharply pointed extremity in the extant genus. The nasals are short and wide, being shortened
Ficure 30.—Skull of Aciprion formosum Cope (U.S.N.M. No. 16566), superior view: f, Frontal; ju, jugal; /a, lachrymal; mx, maxillary; na, nasal; p, parietal; pmx, premaxil- lary; pof, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; soc, supraocciptal; sg, squamosal. About three times natural size.
by the large size and partly vertical position of the nostril openings. The frontal is single and relatively wide between the orbits. The pineal foramen is on the frontoparietal suture. The prefrontal is large, but without a preocular boss, which forms such a prominent projection on the Crotaphytus skull. The postifrontal is absent, a condition noted by Cope? in Crotaphytus. Its place is taken by a widening of the frontal on each posterior-external angle. The postorbital is large, uniting inferiorly with the jugal and posteriorly with the squamosal. The dorsal surface of the parietal is relatively narrower between the supratemporal fossa and between the divergent posterior process than in Crotaphytus. 'The left squamosal is miss- ing, and only a small part of the right one is present. In the ilustra-
1 Cope, E. D., Ann. Rep. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. for 1898, p. 246, 1900.
FOSSIL LIZARDS FROM WYOMING—GILMORE 73
tions it has been restored following modern iguanids. The lachrymal is very small and in line with the jugal. The large jugal is without a posteriorly directed spur. Only the right quadrate is present, and it is so damaged that its detailed structure is obscured. As depicted in figure 31 it may be too short. It appears to have a nearly straight external border. The top of the supraoccipital is not wholly beneath the overlying parietal but is visible from above as shown in figure 30. A low obtuse vertical ridge extends upward from the top of the foramen magnum. The supraoccipital is fully coalesced with the exoccipital. The occipital condyle is plain and without evidence of participation of the exoccipitals.
The basioccipital and sphenoid surfaces are confluent. Basiptery- goid processes are large, with spatulate ends directed strongly for-
Figure 31.—Skull and lower jaw of Aciprion formosum Cope (U. S. N. M. No. 16566), viewed from the left side: co, Coronoid; d, dentary; f, frontal; ju, jugal; gu, quadrate; la, lachrymal; mx, maxillary; na, nasal; p, parietal; pmx, premaxillary; poc, paraoccipital; pof, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; sg, squamosal. About three times natural size.
ward. There is no evidence of teeth on the pterygoids. The other palatal elements are so badly disarranged as to furnish no reliable information regarding the true structure of the palate.
Lower jaw.—The mandible in specimen U.S.N.M. No. 16566 is rep- resented by the right dentary, with full dentition posterior of the coronoid process and the greater portion of the left dentary lacking most of the teeth. These contribute but little new information, and since the lower jaw has been described in a previous publication there is no reason to repeat it here. The dentary carries 25 closely set teeth in the complete series. In the restoration of the missing part of the ramus in figure 31, the very complete ramus forming part of the type of Aciprion majus was used as a guide.
Dentition.—The dentition is pleurodont, the dental formula being premaxillary 6, maxillary 20, dentary 25. The teeth are closely placed, cylindric with compressed crowns. The latter support a large
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
median and two small lateral cusps. These lateral cusps are most prominently developed on the teeth of the posterior two-thirds of both upper and lower series. From this point forward the teeth gradually diminish in size, and the lateral cusps become smaller and smaller, disappearing altogether on the first few teeth that have simple pointed crowns. Upper and lower teeth appear indistinguishable. Crowns in lower jaw project farther above the alveolar border than in the maxillary.
Specimen U.S.N.M. No. 16566 in total number of teeth in maxillary and dentary is in perfect accord with the type of Aciprion majus Gilmore, but its smaller size clearly shows it to pertain to the earlier described Aciprion formosum Cope.
femarks.—In 1928° this genus was referred to the family Iguanidae on rather meager evidence, but after a study of these new materials the propriety of that assignment now seems assured. The resemblances found in skull structure and character of dentition to those of extant members of the family leave little doubt as to the correctness of this family assignment.
Measurements of Skull, U. S. N. M. No. 16566
mm. Greatest lenzgthvof sskullE Overs ihe ook eee en ee ee 27.0 Greatestalene tig ofa skeleton cl cll emer ame ne re 22.3 Greatest width Oe SUL GA CrOSS cir LS eee ree eee meg 14.6 Greatest width: parietals at: centers] 22 = sen ee ee ee ee 3.5 Greatest ensthitrontals petween vorbis. eee a eee eee ee 2.3 Grealestelenn gta se eee eae Oo a ea nea oe cre LCL ee ae ee Ea 3.6 Greatest length tron Gales aes se i SENSE ale, EL Po a EEL EEOC ee le 7.0 Greatest) demath parietal eee Be Leh i Te API i UN ee A Wal Greatest; width voceipitall condyle ns sees ee ae ean eee Eh aes BSL ge 1.2
Genus EXOSTINUS Cope EXOSTINUS SERRATUS Cope
FIaguRE 32
An anterior portion of a skull and a left dentary (U.S.N.M. No. 16565) is clearly identified as pertaining to H'wvostinus serratus Cope. It is the first specimen found that displays the complete structure and osseous scutellation of this part of the cranium, and thus it contributes to a better understanding of this little-known species.
The entire outer surfaces of the premaxillary, nasal, and maxil- lary bones, with the exception of a smooth narrow band parallel to the dentigerous border, is covered by the characteristic osseous promi- nences, as shown in figure 32. These are coalesced to the underlying skull elements and thus hide all trace of the cranial sutures. For that
2 Gilmore, C. W., Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 18, 1928.
FOSSIL LIZARDS FROM WYOMING—GILMORE 19
reason the extent of the underlying skull bones cannot be accurately determined. The maxillary of the left side is complete and from end to end has a length of 8.5 mm. The complete dental series of the maxillary consists of 12 pleurodont, subcylindric teeth. The premaxillary has eight teeth in the complete series, as in Peltosaurus.
The spine of the premaxillary is ornamented with three longitudi- nal rows of osseous tubercles, the central row having the largest ossifi- cations. The nasal region is covered with tubercles of varying sizes and without definite arrangement. Those above the prefrontal are the largest tubercles on this portion of the skull and form a distinct row along the orbital border. Although the frontals are missing in this specimen, it is quite evident that the prefrontal strongly laps this bone and that its posterior termination reaches nearly to the cen- ter of the orbit.
Ficure 32.—Anterior part of the skull of Exostinus serratus Cope (U.S.N.M .No. 16565), viewed from left side: d, Dentary; f, prefrontal; mx, maxillary; na, nasal; pmx, pre- maxillary. About three and one-half times natural size.
The type * on which this genus and species is based consists of the frontals, left zygomatic, and a portion of the dentary with a few teeth. The frontals are also covered with bony tubercles, a series along each supraorbital border, longitudinal at the front, quadrate at the back. A single median row separates them. On the posterior end of the frontals, they are arranged in three transverse rows of 5, 4, and 3 tubercles, respectively. On the zygomatic there are two lon- gitudinal rows of flat quadrangular tubercles.
The incomplete dentary carries 14 teeth, and it appears that two or more may be missing from the posterior end of the series. In the article cited I stated that “the upper teeth [are] similar to the lower”; this is true only so far as both are pleurodont, with subcylindric shafts and simple crowns. The lower are more robust than the up- per and their crowns project farther beyond the parapet of the jaw, as Clearly shown in figure 32. In this specimen there are nine teeth
§ Gilmore, C. W., Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol. 22, p. 22, pl. 25, figs. 4-6, 1928.
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
in 5 mm., whereas in the type dentary eight teeth occupy a similar space. The teeth of both upper and lower series decrease in size toward the front, and the transversely compressed crowns of the lateral teeth change to simple, rounded, sharp-pointed teeth in front.
The dental formula of Hwostinus serratus may now be stated as follows:
Maxillary 14++premaxillary 8__ 36_ dentary 14* 28"
This genus and species were tentatively referred in my 1928 review of the lizards of North America to the family Iguanidae. Although this new material contributes but scant information on this important question, the subequal size of the pleurodont teeth, the constantly long cylindrical shafts, and the gradual change taking place between the lateral and anterior teeth are all features in accord with its as- signment to the Iguanidae. The osseous ornamentation of the skull is highly suggestive of the horny tubercular ornamentation of the Phrynosoma skull. For the present, therefore, Hxostinus will be regarded as an extinct representative of the [guanidae.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1948
PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 91 Washington: 1941 No. 3125
NEW SPECIES OF HYDROIDS, MOSTLY FROM THE AT- LANTIC OCEAN, IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL
MUSEUM
By C. McLean FRrAsrr
A paper that might be called a progress report, including the de- scription of new species from the first portion of a large United States National Museum collection of hydroids, mostly from the North At- lantic, was published in 1940.1. The examination of the remainder of this collection has been completed, and the present paper serves to report further on the new species in the collection. The whole of the material has yielded more than 1,200 distribution records for 173 species.
Although most of the material was obtained from the North Atlantic, it happens that out of the 15 species here considered only 10 were obtained in the Atlantic. The other five came from the west coast of America, from Bering Sea to Panama. Two of the most interesting species in the collection were together in the same vial from Thistle Ledge, Stephens Pass, not far from Juneau, Alaska. For one of these species it appears to be necessary to introduce not only a new genus but also a new family (see p. 78). The other species, Lampra uvularis, belongs to a genus not previously reported from the Pacific coast of North America. One from Bering Sea, one from near the Golden Gate, Calif., and one from near Panama make up the other three species.
+ Fraser, C. McLean, Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 88, pp. 575-580, 1940.
406740411 i
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 91
Of the 15 species considered 14 are described as new, and for the fifteenth the gonosome is described and figured for the first time. As indicated, one new genus and one new family are described.
The whole collection, therefore, has provided one new family, two new genera, 21 new species, and the gonosome of two species, of which the trophosome had been previously described.
I must again express my appreciation of the courtesy shown by the United States National Museum in providing the opportunity to ex- emine this material, and my appreciation of the contribution that Miss Ursula Dale has made in drawing the figures used in illustration.
SYMPLECTANEIDAE, new family
Trophosome.—Zooids without chitinous perisarc, with capitate ten- tacles, arranged in series over the surface of the body of the hydranth, each series of three or more fused throughout much of their length to form a bractlike structure.
Gonosome.—Gonophores producing sporosacs borne on the body of the hydranth,
SYMPLECTANEA, new genus
Trophosome.—Zooids solitary, without chitinous perisarc; the capi- tate tentacles in series, graded in length, the longest tentacle medially placed in the series and the others growing shorter as they appear farther from the median.
Gonosome.—Gonophores in the form of sporosacs in the axil of a series of tentacles.
SYMPLECTANEA BRACTEATA, new species
PLATE 13, FicuRE 1
Trophosome.—Solitary zooids grow from a broad base, with stubby processes projecting from the central portion; largest specimens 33 mm. in length; hydrocaulus 1.6 mm. in diameter, hydranth 2.0 to 4.0 mm., the hydranth making up one-third of the length. No chitinous covering in any part and no annulations. The hydranth is provided with numerous tentacles in series, scattered over the whole surface; the series consists of 3, 5, or 7 tentacles in a row, fused into one bractlike structure; the median tentacle may be 1 mm. long, the next two, one on each side, much the same in length, which is less than that of the median; there is a further recession for the next pair, and the next, if these are all present. Fusion appears for the greater part of the length of the lesser tentacle of each pair in succession, always leaving the capitate portion free. In the younger hydranth the bract makes a
NEW SPECIES OF HYDROIDS—FRASER 79
sharp angle with the body, but when the gonophore develops the bract is gradually forced outward distally until it is nearly at right angles to the body.
Gonosome.—The gonophores develop to form sporosacs in the angle between the tentacular bract and the body of the hydranth; they are almost spherical, with very short pedicels; ova relatively large and not numerous.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 43450. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 4253, Thistle Ledge, Stephens Pass, Alaska, 131 fathoms, July 14, 1903.
Family HYDRACTINIDAE
Genus HYDRACTINIA van Beneden HYDRACTINIA VALENS, new species
PLATE 138, FIcuRE 2
Trophosome.—Colony growing from a thick, basal coenosare, pro- vided with short, smooth spines; nutritive zooids large and lusty, reaching a height of 4.5 mm.; 10 tentacles in rather regular whorls.
Gonosome.—Generative zooids (only female zooids obtained) about one-half of the length and breadth of the mature nutritive zooids; tentacles wholly lacking; sporosacs 3-5, forming a whorl at the base of the proboscis; commonly 6 ova in each sporosac.
Other zooids.——None observed.
Type.—u.S.N.M. No. 43451. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Speedwell at station 284, latitude 42°10’ N., longitude 70°22’ W., southwest of Stellwagens Bank, near Race Point Light, Cape Cod region, 31 fathoms, August 4, 1879.
Family CORYMORPHIDAE
Genus CORYMORPHA Sars (in part) CORYMORPHA ADVENTITIA, new species
PLATE 13, Figure 3
Trophosome.—Zooids 20 mm., of which the hydranth is approxi- mately one-fourth, with adventitious shoots, the longest 0.25 mm.., passing backward from the main hydrocaulus at various angles, to serve as accessory means of attachment; the hydrocaulus has much the same diameter throughout, or this may increase slightly, distally ; proximal tentacles 20-24 in one whorl, distal tentacles very numerous in several irregular whorls.
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOU. 91
Gonosome.—Gonophores borne on long, unbranched peduncles, at- tached to the hydranth just distal to the proximal tentacles, each gonophore with a short pedicel; apparently these gonophores develop irregularly, as small and large ones are mixed without any evidence of their appearing in any regular order.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 48452. The vial is labeled “U.S. F. C. Str. Albatross, Panama, Mar. 12, 1891,” but there is no station listed on that day. The last haul on March 11 was made in latitude 7°33’ N., longitude 78°34’20’” W., in 85 fathoms.
Remarks.—The adventitious shoots in these hydroids are so unusual that it might seem advisable to place the species in a new genus, but, although each of the three specimens available for examination had these shoots, it is just possible that they may have developed under unusual conditions, and as all the other features are definitely like Corymorpha, it seems better at the present time to place it in this genus.
Family TUBULARIDAE
Genus LAMPRA Bonnevie
LAMPRA UVULARIS, new species PLATE 14, Figure 4
Trophosome.—Zooid 22 mm., of which the hydrocaulus is 15 mm., straight, without annulations; hydranths large, 7 mm. in diameter; proximal tentacles 18-20, long and slender; distal tentacles 40-48, shorter and stiffer in appearance, in four rather indistinctly different whorls.
Gonosome.—Gonophores growing in eight erect, closely arranged clusters, looking like compact bunches of grapes or like the cluster of flowers in the grape hyacinth; each gonophore is spherical, on a short pedicel, and shows no sign of tentacular processes.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 43458. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 4253, Thistle Ledge, Stephens Pass, Alaska, 1381 fathoms, July 14, 1903.
Remarks.—This appears to be the first record of a species of this genus from the northeastern Pacific. This is not the place to discuss the systematic position of Lampra, but it may be stated that it cannot be placed in the Tubularidae (as Bonnevie has placed it*) as this family has been defined in all my previous papers.
1Bonnevie, Kristine, Zur Systematik der Hydroiden. Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., vol. 63, p. 477, 1898.
NEW SPECIES OF HYDROIDS—FRASER Sl
Genus TUBULARIA Linnaeus (in part) TUBULARIA CRASSA, new species
PLATE 14, Fieurn 5
Trophosome.—tindividual zooids only were obtained: there is nothing to indicate whether they grow in colonies or not; the pedicels appear to be complete, but they are but little more than 1 cm. in length, which, even in the contracted condition, has a diameter almost equal to the length of the pedicel. There are no annulations, but there is a definite ridge at the base of the proximal tentacles; proximal tentacles long and numerous, 32-36; distal tentacles slender, much more numerous.
Gonosome.—Gonophores grow in rather long, erect racemes when well developed; these racemes are densely crowded so that the body of the hydranth is almost entirely hidden; there are no tentacular processes on the gonophores.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 22746. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Fish Hawk at station 988, latitude 40°49’30’’ N., longitude 70°47’ W., off Marthas Vineyard, 30 fathoms, September 7, 1881.
Family CAMPANULARIDAE
Genus CAMPANULARIA Lamarck ? CAMPANULARIA FASCICULATA, new species
PLATE 15, FIGURE 6.
Trophosome.—Colony 2 cm. in height, with the base of the main stem and some of the lower branches fascicled. The simple branches are short; the hydrothecae arising from the fascicled stem have rela- tively long pedicels, annulated at each end; those from the simple portion of the stem and from the branches with shorter pedicels, com- monly annulated throughout. Hydrothecae large, 0.5-0.6 mm. in length, broadly campanulate; margin with 16 low, rounded teeth; lines run down the wall of the hydrotheca from the depressions be- tween the teeth.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Type.—uU.S.N.M. No. 43454. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Speedwell at station 984, latitude 41°31’ N., longitude 69°28’ W. off Chatham, Cape Cod, 33 fathoms, August 30, 1881.
82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
Genus OBELIA Peron and Lesueur ? OBELIA RACEMOSA, new species
PLATE 15, FIGURE 7.
Trophosome.—Colony large, with a main axis 25 cm. and a few large branches almost as large as the main axis; from these small branches and branchlets are given off that distally are clustered in rather stiff racemes. The main stem and larger branches are strongly fascicled and even the secondary branches may be so in the proximal portion; the primary branches and the larger secondary branches are annulated only above the nodes, but the distal branchlets and the pedicels are extensively annulated; the longer ones are annulated proximally and distally, with a short, smooth portion between, of greater diameter, so that the branchlet or pedicel seems to bulge defi- nitely in this portion; the shorter pedicels are annulated throughout. The hydrothecae, appearing in close clusters, are broadly campanulate, at least as broad as deep; margin entire. The larger branches and the main stem are dark brown, the branchlets and pedicels much lighter.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Type—U.S.N.M. No. 4883. Western Bank, off Cape Breton Island, 50-65 fathoms, June 7, 1880.
Remarks.—This species bears some resemblance to Obelia plicata Hincks, but it is a larger, coarser species, the ultimate branches are more rigid, the hydrothecae are clustered, and the hydrotheca is more broadly campanulate.
Family CAMPANULINIDAE
Genus EGMUNDELLA Stechow EGMUNDELLA GRANDIS, new species
PLATE 16, FIGURE 8.
Trophosome.—Zooids growing singly from an irregularly reticulate stolon to a height of 8 mm.; pedicel straight, rigid, smooth except for two or three annulations at each end; hydrotheca of the usual turbinate type, 0.7—-0.8 mm. in height; operculum of 12 segments. Nematophores very small for this genus, spherical, with a short pedicel, sparingly scattered over the stolon, and occasionally occurring on the pedicels.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Type —U.S.N.M. No. 48455. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Fish Hawk at station 897, latitude 37°25’ N., longitude 74°18’ W., off the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, 15714 fathoms, November 16, 1880.
NEW SPECIES OF HYDROIDS—FRASER 83
Genus LOVENELLA Allman LOVENELLA GRANDIS Nutting PLATE 16, Figure 9.
Lovenella grandis Nutrina, U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1899, pp. 325-386, figs. 1-105, 1901.
Trophosome.—Stems simple, rather rigid, unbranched, up to 5 cm. in length, divided into regular, long internodes by single nodes. Hy- drothecae arise on short pedicels, with a double annulation from a process a short distance from the distal end of the internode, regularly alternate; hydrothecae very large, turbinate; margin with 10-12 sinu- ations from which arise the segments of the operculum.
Gonosome.—(Not previously described.) Gonangium long, 1.5-1.6 mm., but rather slender, arises from the axil of the pedicel, the basal portion gradually increasing in diameter, but the distal half prac- tically tubular; pedicel short, with one annulation. Medusa buds were developing on the blastostyle, but they were not far enough advanced to show all the characteristics.
Type.—uvU.S.N.M. No. 48460. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Fish Hawk at station 830, near the mouth of the Sakonnet River, R. I, 1014 fathoms, August 27, 1880.
Remarks.—Nutting described this species from a specimen dredged from Newport Harbor, off Castle Hill, a location very near the present one. As far as I am aware, it has not been reported since until now. Nutting’s specimen had no gonosome.
Family HALECIDAE Genus HALECIUM Oken
HALECIUM DUBIUM, new species
PLATE 16, FIGURE 10a; PLATE 17, FIGURE 100
Trophosome.—Colony slightly bushy, reaching a height of 3 cm.; proximal portion fascicled to a limited extent. Nodes not very strongly marked; internodes long, turning alternately to one side and to the other, making a zigzag main stem. The hydrophore, with rela- tively long pedicel, is given off near the distal end of the internode; this pedicel makes much the same angle with the vertical as the inter- node of the stem does. The hydrophore may give rise to one or more other hydrophores as duplications, the pedicels of these varying much in length; the margin of the hydrophore is slightly flaring. The branches arise in the same way as the hydrophores, so it would appear at first glance that the branching is dichotomous, but the branch is not like the main stem; the proximal portion is like a hydrophore with
84. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
an elongated pedicel and it may be duplicated in series; then from the distal end, or near it, of the main pedicel, an internode is given off that looks like an internode of the main stem, and from this the branch continues in the same way that the stem does.
Gonosome.—Male gonangia arise from the base of the hydrophore pedicels, just beyond where they leave the internodes; they are broadly obovate in the one direction and almost flat in the other; there is a short but distinct pedicel present; at the distal end the gonangium has a small, but distinct, semicircular notch.
Type.—v.S.N.M. No. 22922. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 2572, latitude 40°29’ N., longitude 66°04’ W., off Cape Sable, 1,769 fathoms, September 2, 1885.
Remarks.—Ilt is with some misgivings that I describe this as a new species, since there is so much resemblance to H. telescopicwm Allman, as described and figured by Allman? and by Jiiderholm,’ and yet the specimen from which this species is described has not the characteristic that these authors, and Pictet and Bedot* as well, consider definitely distinctive, i. e., the number of the reduplications of the hydrophore, to form a series with many more units than are exhibited in any other species. One might surmise that this excessive reduplication was due to some seasonal or environmental condition, were it not that the same type of structure appeared in such distant locations. The distribution itself is indeed remarkable. Allman described it originally from off Port Jackson, NSW., in 30-85 fathoms. Then Pictet and Bedot re- ported it from the Gulf of Gascogny in 155-180 meters, and later Jiderholm reported it from the Bering Sea in 131 meters.
Apart from the matter of reduplication, the only other character that is noticeably different is the gonangium, or rather the semicircular notch at the distal end of this, and this is quite a minor difference. The female has not been reported in any instance.
HALECIUM TENSUM, new species
PLATE 17, Fiaure 11
Trophosome.—Colony rather rigid, with a main axis (5 cm.) and a few irregularly arranged branches, the proximal being almost as long as the main axis and the others becoming shorter as they get farther from the base; proximal portion of the main stem and of some of the branches, fascicled; there is little indication of nodes on stems or branches. Each portion of a stem or branch that corresponds to an
2 Allman, G. J., Report on the Hydroida. Challenger Expedition, vol. 23, pt. 70, p. 10, 1888.
3 Jiderholm, E., Der Hydroidenfauna des Beeringsmeeres. Archiv fdr Zool., vol. 4, No. 8, p. 4, 1907.
*Pictet, C., and Bedot, M., Hydraires provenant des Campagnes de L’Hirondelle (1886— 1888), p. 7, 1900.
NEW SPECIES OF HYDROIDS—FRASER 85
internode in the regular type is much elongated, tubular, and slightly curved outward distally to end in a hydrophore; then from this pedicel of the hydrophore, a short distance from the distal end, the pedicel for another hydrophore is given off. These in succession form a series, alternately curving to one side and the other and thus maintaining a linear stem or branch. From within each main hydrophore there is usually another hydrophore developed with a much shorter and some- what slenderer pedicel. In some cases this hydrophore is duplicated. The rim of the hydrophore flares but slightly.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 22926. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Fish Hawk at station 940, latitude 39°54’ N., longitude 69°51’30’’ W., off Marthas Vineyard, 134 fathoms, August 4, 1881.
Remarks.—This Halecium has somewhat the same general appear- ance as H. kiikenthali Marktanner-Turneretscher, but as a colony it is more rigid and less branched; the internodes, or rather hydrophore pedicels, are relatively much longer, and, most noticeably, they lack the annulations that are so conspicuous in H, kiikenthali.
Family LAFOEIDAE Genus LICTORELLA Allman
LICTORELLA CRASSITHECA, new species
PLATE 18, Figure 12
Trophosome.—Main stem and the proximal portions of some of the branches fascicled, branching inclined to be pinnate but irregular; occasionally secondary branches appear. There are no noticeable nodes in the ultimate branches, but the hydrothecae are given off in regular alternation. There is a distinct shoulder at the origin of each hy- drotheca on which the pedicel of the hydrotheca seems to be somewhat displaced upward or outward; the pedicel is distinct, with one distinct annulation. The hydrotheca widens quickly at the base and the re- mainder is nearly cylindrical, except that it shows a slight campanulate tendency near its margin, which is entire. The width is much greater relative to the length than in other species. The diaphragm is distinct but does not reach in far from the wall of the hydrotheca. The nema- tocysts are scarce; none was observed on the branches and few on the fascicled stem.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 43456, Gulf of Maine, 17 fathoms, Also taken at Albatross station 2430, latitude 42°58’30’’ N., longitude 50°50’ W., southeast of Sable Island, 179 fathoms, June 23, 1885.
406740—41 2
86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM YOU, 91
Family PLUMULARIDAE Genus AGLAOPHENIA Lamoroux (modified)
AGLAOPHENIA INCONSTANS, new species
Prats 18, Ficurr 13
* Trophosome.—Colonies varying in appearance; one, 17.5 cm. long, has no branches, and all the hydrocladia have disappeared from the stem except for about 2.5 cm. at the distal end, while at the other extreme a distal fragment of the main stem, 6 cm. long, has six branches, each replacing a hydrocladium and each regularly bearing hydro- cladia; the longest branch is 2.0 em, Stems, with the exception of the proximal portion, and branches are divided into regular, rather short internodes by definite nodes, each internode bearing a hydro- cladial process near the distal end; these processes alternate from side to side but are not nearly in the same plane; two in succession may form an angle as low as 60°. Hydrocladia short for the size of the colony, as short as in some of the minute species of this genus, divided into regular internodes by definite nodes; each hydrotheca occupies almost all the internode, so that there is little space between two hydrothecae in succession; distinctly deeper than broad; margin with nine irregular and irregularly placed teeth ; the median tooth is slender, sharp-pointed, and strongly retrorse; each of the first lateral pair is also slender and acute but points outward; between the first and the second there is a wide and deep sinus; the second is lower and blunter than the first; the sinus between the second and third is shallower, and the third tooth is blunter than the second; the next sinus is even less marked, for the fourth lateral tooth is rather insignificant in size and in some cases can scarcely be observed. The intrathecal ridge is prominent, and there is a second one indicated at the base of the supracalycine nematophore.
The supracalycine nematophores are large, slightly overtopping the hydrothecal margin; the mesial nematophore is short, not reaching to the margin of the hydrotheca and not projecting outward very notice- ably. ‘There are three nematophores on each internode of the stem or branch; one on the hydrocladial process, one at the base of this process, and one in the axil, this being larger than either of the others.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Type—vU.S.N.M. No. 48457. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 3497, latitude 56°18’ N., longitude 169°38’ W., Bering Sea, 86 fathoms, July 17, 1893.
NEW SPECIES OF HYDROIDS—FRASER 87 AGLAOPHENIA TRANSITIONIS, new species PLATE 18, FicuRE 14
Tropohosome.—Colony with a long, somewhat rigid main axis, 8 cm., a limited number of branches given off from the distal half of the stem; each branch leaves the stem in the same manner as a hydro- cladium, but after it has given rise to seven or eight hydrothecae it definitely becomes a branch and gives off hydrocladia similar to those from the main stem. The hydrocladia are relatively short (maximum 4 mm.) and arise alternately from the face of the stem, so that the supporting processes form a zigzag row, but slightly curved; divided into regular short internodes by distinct nodes, so that the hydrothecae are closely placed; the hydrotheca is little longer than broad and is stouter distally than proximally, adnate throughout almost the whole length; margin with 11 teeth; the median tooth is erect or very slightly retrorse, sharp, smaller than the tooth on each side; the tooth next to the median on each side is the longest, the second one is the smallest, and the third, fourth, and fifth are nearly equal; all of them are rather sharply pointed. There is no definite anterior intrathecal ridge; the posterior is strongly marked but does not reach far.
The supracalycine nematophores, which do not nearly reach the margin of the hydrotheca, are strongly curved, so that the opening points backward: mesial nematophore not prominent, projecting from the hydrotheca in the distal third of its anterior surface. Of the three cauline nematophores that on the hydrocladial process and the one below the insertion of this process are tubular; the one near the axil, 1. e., distal to the process, is triangular and larger than either of the others.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 43458. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross at station 3150, latitude 37°47’ N., longitude 122°44’10’’ W.., off Golden Gate, Calif., 21 fathoms.
Genus PLUMULARIA Lamarck (in part) PLUMULARIA POLYNEMA, new species
PLATE 18, Figure 15
Trophosome.—Stem simple, slender (from fragment 83 mm. long), divided into regular internodes with well-marked nodes, each bearing a single hydrocladium on a prominent process near the distal end. All the internodes in the hydrocladium are long, slender, and thecate, except that in some instances an extra nonthecate internode appears, making an intermediate internode, with two nematophores, and a thecate internode that is much shorter than the others, with but one
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, 91
prominent median nematophore. The hydrotheca, placed a considera- ble distance from the distal end but still in the distal half, is nearly equal in depth and breadth. In some instances, a secondary branch or hydrocladium is given off in place of the hydrotheca in an internode of the primary hydrocladium. There are no definite septal ridges in stem or hydrocladia.
There are two supracalycine nematophores, two mesial nematophores on the proximal hydrocladial internode and three on each of the others, two at the axil of the hydrocladium on the cauline internodal process, and three (sometimes only two observed) on each of the cauline internodes.
Gonosome.—Not observed.
Type.—vU.S.N.M. No. 43459. Taken by the United States Fisheries steamer Fish Hawk at station 1092, latitude 39°58’ N., longitude 69°42’ W., off Marthas Vineyard, 202 fathoms, August 11, 1882. Another lot taken at Fish Hawk station 1088, latitude 39°58’ N., longitude 70°06’ W.., off Marthas Vineyard, 130 fathoms, September 21, 1881.
10.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14,
15.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
(Unless otherwise specified the magnification is x 20.)
PLATE 13
. Symplectanea bracteata, new genus and species: a, Hydranth, showing ar-
rangement of tentacular bracts and gonophores (X 12); 6b, tentacular bract and gonophore.
. Hydractinia valens, new species: a, b, Nutritive zooids; c, d, female generative
zooids; e, spines.
. Corymorpha adventitia, new species: a, Zooid, showing adventitious shoots
(xX 8); 0, hydranth, showing tentacle and gonophore arrangement (x 12).
PLATE 14
. Lampra wuvularis, new species: Zooid, showing tentacle and gonophore
arrangement.
. Tubularia crassa, new species: a, Individual zooid (xX 6); 6, a gonophore
cluster. PLATH 15
. ?Campanularia fasciculata, new species: a, Portion of fascicled stem with
hydrothecae; b, portion of simple stem.
. ?0belia racemosa, new species: Portion of colony showing hydrotheca arrange-
ment. PLATE 16
. Homundella grandis, new species: a, b, Hydrothecae and nematophores. . Lovenella grandis Nutting: a, Portion of colony with hydrothecae and
gonangia; 6, a single gonophore. Halecium dubium, new species: a, Portion of colony showing hydrophore arrangement, PLATE 17
Halecium dubium, new species: b, Portion of colony showing gonophore arrangement. Halecium tensum, new species: a, Portion of fascicled stem; 6, c, portions of simple stem. PLATE 18
Lictorella crassitheca, new species: a, Portion of fascicled stem; b, portion of simple stem.
Aglaophenia inconstans, new species: a, Portion of hydrocladium showing hydrothecae ; 0, three hydrothecae (Xx 40).
Aglaophenia transitionis, new species: a, Portion of hydrocladium showing hydrothecae; 6, three hydrothecae (x 40).
Plumularia polynema, new spcies: a, Portion of colony showing nematophore arrangement; 6b, portion of colony showing branched hydrocladium.
89
tSrarned Heo Ca. Oot 9!
Ne fe
0. A ER
Saad 5 REE i
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 91 PLATE